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Quantum Dots and Nanostructures: Growth, Characterization, and Modeling

Efficient single-photon sources at telecom wavelength with fiber-optic interface (Conference Presentation)

Chang-Min Lee, Mustafa Atabey Buyukkaya, Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi, Christopher J. K. Richardson, Edo Waks A

Published Mar 10, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Bright fiber-coupled single photon sources are essential components for practical quantum network. In this work, we present a bright single photon source based on an InAs/InP quantum dot emitting at telecom wavelengths. We designed a nanobeam with a photonic crystal mirror at the other end and a tapered coupler at the other end enabling both directional emission and gaussian-like far-field profile. We detected fiber-coupled single photon count rate of 1.1 MHz with 40 MHz pumping rate. Considering losses from optics and spectral filters, we achieved collection efficiency into first lens of 68% and a total fiber collection efficiency of 8.2%.

DOI
10.1117/12.2545192

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Bright fiber-coupled single photon sources are essential components for practical quantum network. In this work, we present a bright single photon source based on an InAs/InP quantum dot emitting at telecom wavelengths. We designed a nanobeam with a photonic crystal mirror at the other end and a tapered coupler at the other end enabling both directional emission and gaussian-like far-field profile. We detected fiber-coupled single photon count rate of 1.1 MHz with 40 MHz pumping rate. Considering losses from optics and spectral filters, we achieved collection efficiency into first lens of 68% and a total fiber collection efficiency of 8.2%.
Telecom-wavelength single photons are essential components for long-distance quantum networks. However, bright and pure single photon sources at telecom wavelengths remain challenging to achieve. Here, we demonstrate a bright telecom-wavelength single photon source based on a tapered nanobeam containing InAs/InP quantum dots. The tapered nanobeam enables directional and Gaussian-like far-field emission of the quantum dots. As a result, using above-band excitation we obtain an end-to-end brightness of 4.1 ± 0.1% and first-lens brightness of 27.0 ± 0.1% at the ∼1300 nm wavelength. Furthermore, we adopt quasi-resonant excitation to reduce both multiphoton emission and decoherence from unwanted charge carriers. As a result, we achieve a coherence time of 523 ± 16 ps and postselected Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility of 0.91 ± 0.09 along with a comparable first-lens brightness of 21.0 ± 0.1%. These results represent a major step toward a practical fiber-based single photon source at telecom wavelengths for long-distance quantum networks.
Fiber-coupled single photon sources are considered important components of photonics-based quantum information processors. Most fiber-coupled single photon sources require careful alignment between fibers and quantum emitters. In this work, we present an alignment-free fiber-integrated single photon source based on an InAs/InP quantum dot emitting at telecom wavelengths. We designed a nanobeam containing the quantum dots attached to a fiber taper. The adiabatic tapered coupler of the nanobeam enables efficient light coupling to the fiber taper. Using a tungsten probe in a focused ion beam system, we transferred the nanobeam to the fiber taper. The observed fiber-coupled single photon emission occurs with a brightness of 1.4% and a purity of 83%. This device provides a building block for fiber-optic quantum circuits that have various applications, such as quantum communication and distributed quantum computing.
Telecom C-band single photons exhibit the lowest attenuation in optical fibers, enabling long-haul, quantum-secured communication. However, efficient coupling with optical fibers is crucial for these single photons to be effective carriers in long-distance transmission. We demonstrate an efficient fiber-coupled single photon source in the telecom C-band using InAs/InP quantum dots coupled to a tapered nanobeam. The tapered nanobeam structure facilitates directional emission that is mode-matched to a lensed fiber, resulting in a collection efficiency of up to 65% from the nanobeam to the single-mode fiber. Using this approach, we demonstrate single photon count rates of 575 ± 5 Kcps and a single photon purity of g (2) (0) = 0.015 ± 0.003. Additionally, we demonstrate Hong–Ou–Mandel interference from the emitted photons with a visibility of 0.84 ± 0.06. From these measurements, we determine a photon coherence time of 450 ± 20 ps, a factor of only 8.3 away from the lifetime limit. This work represents an important step toward the development of telecom C-band single-photon sources emitting bright, pure, and indistinguishable photons, which are necessary to realize fiber-based long-distance quantum networks.
Highly efficient single photon sources are important building blocks for optical quantum information processing. For practical use and long-distance quantum communication, single photons should have fiber-compatible telecom wavelengths. In addition, most quantum communication applications require high degree of indistinguishability of single photons, such that they exhibit interference on a beam splitter. However, deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons with high brightness remains a challenging problem in particular at telecom wavelengths. We demonstrate a telecom wavelength source of indistinguishable single photons using an InAs/InP quantum dot in a nanophotonic cavity. To obtain the efficient single quantum dot emission, we employ the higher order mode in L3 photonic crystal cavity that shows a nearly Gaussian transverse mode profile and results in out-coupling efficiency exceeding 46 {\\%} and unusual bright single quantum dot emission exceeding 1.5 million counts per second at a detector. We also observe Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission rate as large as 4 and high linear polarization ratio of 0.96 for the coupled dots. Using this source, we generate high purity single photons at 1.3 ??m wavelength and demonstrate the indistinguishable nature of the emission using a two-photon interference measurement.