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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Overlap junction-based Josephson parametric amplifiers (O-JPA)

Mustafa Bal, Junling Long, Ruichen Zhao, Haozhi Wang, Corey Rae McRae, Russell E. Lake, Sungoh Park, Xian Wu, Hsiang‐Sheng Ku, D. Frolov, Roman Pilipenko, Silvia Zorzetti, Eric C. Holland, Alexander Romanenko, David P. Pappas

Published Mar 6, 2020• 0 citations
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Nonlinearity of the current-phase relationship of a Josephson junction is the key resource for a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) as well as for a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier, the only devices in which the quantum limit for added noise has so far been approached at microwave frequencies. A standard approach to describe JPA takes into account only the lowest order (cubic) nonlinearity resulting in a Duffing-like oscillator equation of motion or in a Kerr-type nonlinearity term in the Hamiltonian. In this paper we derive the quantum expression for the gain of JPA including all orders of the Josephson junction nonlinearity in the linear response regime. We then analyze gain saturation effect for stronger signals within a semiclassical approach. Our results reveal nonlinear effects of higher orders and their implications for operation of a JPA.
Nearly quantum limited Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) are essential components in superconducting quantum circuits. However, higher order nonlinearities of the Josephson cosine potential are known to cause gain compression, therefore limiting scalability. In an effort to reduce the fourth order, or Kerr nonlinearity, we realize a parametric amplifier with an Al-InAs superconductor–semiconductor hybrid Josephson junction (JJ). We extract the Kerr nonlinearity of the Al-InAs JJ from two different devices and show that it is three orders of magnitude lower compared to an Al-AlOX junction with identical Josephson inductance. We then demonstrate a four-wave-mixing (4WM) parametric amplifier made with an Al-InAs junction that achieves more than 20 dB of gain and −119 dBm of compression power, which outperforms single resonant JPAs based on Al junctions.
Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) are key devices in superconducting quantum circuits, as they ultimately dictate quantum efficiency and speed of measurement, but they still suffer from low saturation power. This work shows that a JPA's saturation power can be increased by using a Josephson-junction array, rather than a single-junction amplifier. Modeling such an array as a nonlinear $L\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}C$ resonator reproduces the observed amplification and saturation effects very well. This use of arrays to fight low power saturation is easy to implement, and can be directly combined with impedance-engineered environments to enhance dynamic range even more.