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Spectroscopy of cold Strontium atoms with a sub-kHz linewidth AlGaInP semiconductor disk laser (Conference Presentation)

Paulo Hisao Moriya, Shengnan Zhang, Peter Schlosser, Yeshpal Singh, Kai Bongs, Jennifer E. Hastie

Published Mar 9, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report recent progress in sub-kHz-linewidth operation of AlGaInP-based SDL systems designed for neutral Strontium optical clocks. Overall system performance is presented, including intensity, frequency and phase noise characterisation. Two almost identical SDLs, each with >150 mW output at 689 nm, were frequency locked and an optical beat note measurement produced a linewidth of 160 Hz with fractional frequency stability reaching below 2×〖10〗^(-15) for averaging times from 60-400 s. Spectroscopic measurements of a blue magneto-optical trap (MOT) of Strontium with one SDL resulted in a reduction of the atomic sample fluorescence and revealed Zeeman splitting of the 3P1 electronic level.

DOI
10.1117/12.2550564

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We report recent progress in sub-kHz-linewidth operation of AlGaInP-based SDL systems designed for neutral Strontium optical clocks. Overall system performance is presented, including intensity, frequency and phase noise characterisation. Two almost identical SDLs, each with >150 mW output at 689 nm, were frequency locked and an optical beat note measurement produced a linewidth of 160 Hz with fractional frequency stability reaching below 2×〖10〗^(-15) for averaging times from 60-400 s. Spectroscopic measurements of a blue magneto-optical trap (MOT) of Strontium with one SDL resulted in a reduction of the atomic sample fluorescence and revealed Zeeman splitting of the 3P1 electronic level.
We report on our progress toward the realization of an optical frequency standard referenced to strontium intercombination lines. While first frequency measurement of the weakly allowed 1S 0- 3P 1 transition was done with saturation spectroscopy on a thermal beam, we are preparing the experimental setup for high resolution spectroscopy on ultracold atoms of the doubly forbidden 1S 0- 3P 0 line. Our current setup allows the capture more than 10 7 atoms at 1 μK in 500 ms in two stages of magneto-optical trapping. We also demonstrated the dipole trapping of ultracold strontium isotopes for accurate spectroscopy and collisional measurements. A semiconductor laser source at 698 nm has already been locked to a pre-stabilization cavity obtaining a fast linewidth of less than 1 kHz. Second stage stabilization of the clock laser to ultra-high finesse cavity is in development. Recent measurement of elastic and inelastic cross-sections of the two most abundant 88Sr and 86Sr isotopes are also presented.
Long-baseline atom interferometers, such as the one to be built by the AION collaboration, require ultra-cold atomic clouds. These are produced by trapping the atoms in Magneto-Optical Traps (MOTs) using high-power, narrow-linewidth lasers. We report on the laser and optical master-slave injection locked system used to address the 1S0 - 3P1 strontium transition at 689 nm, and on the trapping of strontium atoms in a narrowband MOT. We demonstrate the quality of the injection through the characterisation of the injection lock using a novel, easy-to-assemble method which uses a double pass acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to generate and detect a heterodyne beatnote. The reported system is used to produce an atomic cloud at a temperature of 812 +/- 43 nK in a narrowband red MOT.
Abstract This report concerns the experiment of precision spectroscopy of cold strontium atoms in the Polish National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics in Toruń. The system is composed of a Zeeman slower and magneto-optical traps (at 461 nm and 689 nm), a frequency comb, and a narrow-band laser locked to an ultra-stable optical cavity. All parts of the experiment are prepared and the first measurements of the absolute frequency of the 1S0-3P1, 689 nm optical transition in 88Sr atoms are performed.
The diode laser system for laser cooling on the 1S 0 → 3P1 intercombination line of strontium discussed in this thesis allows us to cool and trap an atomic strontium sample to 15 muK. Samples in this temperature range are useful for the development of the next generation of atomic frequency standards, cold collision studies, and as a step towards quantum degeneracy. This laser system consists of a Littrow configuration external-cavity diode laser, which is frequency locked to a high finesse cavity. The cavity is subsequently locked to an absorption feature to produce a few mW of tunable, stabilized, single mode power at the target wavelength. We present the design and characterization of this system, including a linewidth measurement of 70 kHz, as well as preliminary results from cooling and trapping.
Optical atomic clocks have proven to be the most stable clocks with the lowest systematic uncertainty which has now reached a record level of (9.4 X10/(^{19}/)). Thus optical clocks now surpass the best fountain Cs atomic clocks by three orders of magnitude which opens the prospect of using optical clocks as frequency standards for timekeeping in the near future. \n \nThis thesis describes the progress that has been made towards a stationary optical lattice clock based on strontium atoms, and reports the results of an ongoing characterization. \n \nAn experimental apparatus was designed and built to efficiently slow, cool, and trap the strontium atoms which represent the heart of the strontium optical lattice clock discussed in this thesis. The novel aspects of the experimental development described in the thesis comprise a frequency doubling cavity for producing 461 nm laser light employed for cooling and trapping the strontium atoms in the first stage cooling. This cavity provided sufficient power for cooling and trapping the strontium atoms for up to 300 mW of 461 nm laser light. Furthermore, a new design of Zeeman slower based on spherical permanent magnets was produced, built and characterized. \n \nThe slower is compact, tunable, easy to assemble and maintain, and cost-effective as the permanent magnets do not require any power supply or water cooling. It is suggested that this kind of Zeeman slower constitutes an ideal solution for portable optical clock systems. A blue magneto-optical trap was realized for the first time with such a Zeeman slower. With about 30 mW of a 461 nm laser, up to 6X10/(^8/) atoms were captured.