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移動伝搬特性に基づくグループ秘密鍵共有の初期検討 : (その2)鎖型接続における従来方式の課題と新方式の提案

秀一 笹岡, 誠人 岩井, ヒデイチ ササオカ, ヒサト イワイ, Hideichi Sasaoka, Hisato Iwai

Published Jan 31, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Wireless physical layer security attracts attention as a kind of the information security that utilized radio propagation characteristics. A lot of studies of secret key agreement are performed as the main field, but there are relatively few studies of group secret key agreement. This Paper shows the summary of the conventional method based on mobile propagation characteristics for chain connection systems and clarified a problem of the technique to notify of difference of the series of RSSI. Then, this paper suggested a method to acquire multiple group secret key using a notice of the EX-OR of the series of two binary RSSI to solve a problem. This paper also suggested a method to acquire multiple group secret key by the key distribution using the notice of the EX-OR with the series of binary RSSI and the binary random number. These suggestion methods show that the update of the secret key becomes easy by utilizing multiple group secret key.

DOI
10.14988/pa.2019.0000000519

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IEICE Transactions on Communications•Jan 1, 2012•2 citations
Wireless physical layer security attracts attention as a kind of the information security that utilized radio propagation characteristics. A lot of studies of secret key agreement are performed as the main field, but there are relatively few studies of group secret key agreement. This Paper shows the summary of the conventional method based on mobile propagation characteristics for chain connection systems and clarified a problem of the technique to notify of difference of the series of RSSI. Then, this paper suggested a method to acquire multiple group secret key using a notice of the EX-OR of the series of two binary RSSI to solve a problem. This paper also suggested a method to acquire multiple group secret key by the key distribution using the notice of the EX-OR with the series of binary RSSI and the binary random number. These suggestion methods show that the update of the secret key becomes easy by utilizing multiple group secret key.
Secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics attracts attention as a kind of the wireless physical layer security recently. As one field, there is group secret key agreement to notify of the difference between the series of RSS in star and chain connection system. However, the conventional method has a problem in derivation of theoretical expression of the secret key capacity. This paper deals with a close numerical formula of upper and lower limit of the secret key capacity to be given in mutual information for chain connection systems. This paper derives new theoretical expression of the secret key capacity that is a function of the SN ratio by new theoretical analysis for the mutual information. As a result, numerical computation shows that the upper limit of the secret key capacity accords with the lower limit in high SN ratio. In addition, the simulation results show validity of theoretical expression because the simulation results accord with theoretical characteristics well.
Secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics attracts attention as a kind of the wireless physical layer security recently. There are few studies of group secret key agreement in this field, but there is a method to notify of the difference between the series of RSS. However, the conventional method has a problem in derivation of theoretical expression of the secret key capacity. This paper deals with a close numerical formula of upper and lower limit of the secret key capacity to be given in mutual information. This paper derives new theoretical expression of the secret key capacity that is a function of the SN ratio by new theoretical analysis for the mutual information. As a result, numerical computation shows that the upper limit of the secret key capacity accords with the lower limit in high SN ratio. Numerical computation also shows that leakage information increases with increase of the number of the terminals. Furthermore, the result of the computer simulation shows validity of theoretical expression.
Secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics attracts attention as a kind of the wireless physical layer security. However, there are few studies on drop of the secret key capacity by multiple spot eavesdropping. This paper derived theoretical formula of the secret key capacity in secret key agreement based on the complex channel coefficient. This paper also derived theoretical formula of the leakage information by multiple spot eavesdropping and showed that leakage information increased with the increase of the eavesdropping spot number. Validity of these theoretical formulas was confirmed by computer simulation. Then, this paper calculated the coefficient of correlation of the channel coefficient in the simple propagation environment and evaluated security of secret key agreement by calculating leakage information for multiple spot eavesdropping.
Information security schemes based on radio propagation property such as secret key agreement and secret data transmission have attracted attention in the current wireless community. For the secret key agreement from common information, a general formula of the secret key capacity is given, but a specific formula of secret key capacity has not present for secret key agreement from Gaussian correlated information, which is typical case in wireless channels. This paper deals with the theoretical analysis on secret key capacity for the mobile communication channel model. The analysis result shows that the upper band of secret key capacity is given with conditional mutual information and that the formulas of upper and lower bands are expressed as functions of the signal-to-noise power ratio and the noise power ratio of eavesdropper to legitimate user. The analysis result also shows that secret key capacity can approximately be given by conditional mutual information in the case that noise power ratio of eavesdropper to legitimate user is large.
Wireless communication is riskier than wired communication due to eavesdrop by unauthorized stations. To deal with this problem, public key cryptosystem and common key cryptosystem are used in general. In contrast, key agreement schemes based on information-theoretically security attract attention. One example is a secret key agreement scheme based on radio wave propagation characteristics. This technique uses channel reciprocity and location dependency of radio wave propagation. Most of the secret key agreement schemes generate keys by scalar quantization. However, secret keys generated by scalar quantization occur key disagreement in higher probability than these by vector quantization. A general quantizer selection scheme selects a quantizer with minimum key disagreement between two authorized stations. An eavesdropper is able to generate keys with this quantizer more easily. This paper assumes correlated MIMO channel, and proposed the quantizer utilizing correlation between authorized stations as key information and the quantizer selection scheme taking key entropies leak to eavesdroppers into consideration. This scheme that reduces information leaks to eavesdropper maintaining key disagreement probability between authorized stations.
We consider secret key agreement for multiple terminals based on radio propagation characteristics in a wireless relaying system where more than two terminals communicate with each other via a relay. In this system, the multiple terminals share a common secret key generated from their radio propagation characteristics with the help of the relay in the presence of an eavesdropper. In this paper, we present three secret key agreement schemes: an amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme, a signal-combining amplify-and-forward (SC-AF) scheme, and a multiple-access amplify-and-forward (MA-AF) scheme. The key idea of these schemes is that each terminal shares the fading coefficients between all terminals and the relay, and use them as the source of a secret key. The AF scheme is based on a conventional amplify-and-forward two-way relaying method, whereas in the SC-AF scheme and the MA-AF scheme, we apply the idea of analog network coding to secret key agreement. We analyze eavesdropping strategies and show that the AF scheme is not secure if the eavesdropper is located near the relay and can receive signals from the relay without multipath fading and noise. Simulation results show that the SC-AF and MA-AF schemes are effective.