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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Perspectives on relativistic quantum chaos

Liang Huang, Ying‐Cheng Lai

Published Mar 6, 2020• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum Chaos has been investigated for about a half century. It is an old yet vigorous interdisciplinary field with new concepts and interesting topics emerging constantly. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in quantum chaos in relativistic quantum systems, leading to the still developing field of relativistic quantum chaos . The purpose of this paper is not to provide a thorough review of this area, but rather to outline the basics and introduce the key concepts and methods in a concise way. A few representative topics are discussed, which may help the readers to quickly grasp the essentials of relativistic quantum chaos. A brief overview of the general topics in quantum chaos has also been provided with rich references.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/ab6909

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Abstract Quantum Chaos has been investigated for about a half century. It is an old yet vigorous interdisciplinary field with new concepts and interesting topics emerging constantly. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in quantum chaos in relativistic quantum systems, leading to the still developing field of relativistic quantum chaos . The purpose of this paper is not to provide a thorough review of this area, but rather to outline the basics and introduce the key concepts and methods in a concise way. A few representative topics are discussed, which may help the readers to quickly grasp the essentials of relativistic quantum chaos. A brief overview of the general topics in quantum chaos has also been provided with rich references.
Dissipative quantum chaos is an emerging theory that is expected to extend the ideas, concepts, and methodology of conventional Hamiltonian quantum chaos from coherent evolution to open quantum dynamics. The new theory should provide a set of tools to distinguish chaotic open quantum systems from integrable ones, as well as quantitative measures of their chaoticity (or, conversely, integrability). The foundations of this theory were laid in the late 1980s, and from the very start it was clear that, like its Hamiltonian predecessor, it had to be based on the spectral properties of the operators governing open quantum evolution. After these first steps, the field remained relatively quiet for many years and it is only over the last decade that the development of dissipative quantum chaos has received a strong boost, as confirmed by a large number of publications on this topic and, very recently, the first experiments performed to test its theoretical predictions. In this chapter, we review these recent developments and outline the basic foundations of dissipative quantum chaos.
Through semiclassical methods the subject of quantum chaos motivates and depends on Hamiltonian chaos research. Presented here is a selection of some of the most important Hamiltonian chaos topics that in this way get directly related to any of a variety of quantum chaos research problems. The overall emphasis is on intuitive explanations and illustrations of various ideas with the references containing more mathematically rigorous expositions. The chapter begins with a description of various useful theoretical and computational tools of chaos research, e.g.~surfaces of section, paradigms of chaos, stability analysis, and symbolic dynamics... This is followed by discussions regarding the geometry of chaos, how chaotic systems respond to perturbations, and the complexification of Hamiltonian dynamics. Most of the contents concern topics that are long established and well known by now. The exceptions involve complications that arise from the complexification of phase space variables and time. There are relatively recent results summarized regarding the appropriate branches of determinant phases and how to distinguish complex trajectories that are associated with classically allowed processes versus those associated with non-allowed ones.
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The kicked rotor provides a simple yet powerful model for introducing many of the central concepts of classical and quantum chaos. Despite its apparent simplicity, it exhibits rich dynamical behavior and has found applications across a wide range of fields, including atomic and optical physics, condensed matter physics, and emerging quantum technologies. This chapter begins by exploring foundational ideas using the kicked rotor as a unifying framework. We first discuss the transition from regular to chaotic motion in the classical system, and then introduce key quantum phenomena such as dynamical localization and quantum resonances. Special attention is devoted to the emergence of characteristic time scales and their role in the quantum-classical correspondence. To make these ideas more concrete, we also provide a brief overview of experimental realizations of the kicked rotor and its variants, illustrating how theoretical concepts are implemented in practice. In the second part of the chapter, we guide the reader toward more recent and advanced developments. Topics include near-resonant dynamics, topological features of kicked systems, the emergence of quantum dynamical phases inferred from classical transport properties, and extensions to non-Hermitian physics. We conclude with a discussion of open problems and future perspectives, outlining directions in which the kicked rotor continues to offer valuable insights.