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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Physical Layer Security of QSTBC With Power Scaling in MIMO Wiretap Channels

Seong Ho Chae, Inkyu Bang, Hoojin Lee

Published Mar 4, 2020• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quasi-orthogonal space time block codes with power scaling (QSTBC-PS) that linearly combines two Alamouti codes with unequal power scaling has been known to achieve full diversity in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. In this correspondence, we evaluate the physical layer security performance of QSTBC-PS in MIMO wiretap channels under Rayleigh fading. We derive the tight closed-form approximate formula of secrecy outage probability for QSTBC-PS by using moment matching approximation technique. Further, we derive the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximation and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity in explicit form. The numerical examples validate that our analytical results match well to the Monte-Carlo simulation results for general number of receive antennas at the desired receiver and eavesdropper.

DOI
10.1109/tvt.2020.2978412

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Quasi-orthogonal space time block codes with power scaling (QSTBC-PS) that linearly combines two Alamouti codes with unequal power scaling has been known to achieve full diversity in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. In this correspondence, we evaluate the physical layer security performance of QSTBC-PS in MIMO wiretap channels under Rayleigh fading. We derive the tight closed-form approximate formula of secrecy outage probability for QSTBC-PS by using moment matching approximation technique. Further, we derive the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximation and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity in explicit form. The numerical examples validate that our analytical results match well to the Monte-Carlo simulation results for general number of receive antennas at the desired receiver and eavesdropper.
In this paper, the physical layer security of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels with orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) and arbitrary antenna correlation is investigated. In our analysis, we consider general correlation matrices with arbitrary eigenvalue distributions. Also, in order to study the impact of the line-of-sight condition on the secrecy performance, the main channel is assumed to undergo Rician fading, while the eavesdropper one experiences Rayleigh fading. An easy-to-evaluate, closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived, from which an asymptotic analysis is carried out. Representative numerical results are plotted and validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Insightful discussions regarding the impact of the multiple antennas, correlation, and Rician factor on the secrecy outage performance are provided.
This paper studies physical layer security for Alamouti space–time block code (STBC) with joint maximum likelihood (JML) or zero forcing (ZF) detection techniques particularly over multi-input single-output (MISO) wiretap time-selective Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, we derive the secrecy outage probabilities (SOPs) and their concise but effective approximations for various combinations of JML and ZF at the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. We also investigate the secrecy diversity gain by applying the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximation of SOP and prove that the corresponding asymptotic diversity order of two, two, one, and one can be achieved for JML-JML, JML-ZF, ZF-JML, and ZF-ZF, respectively. Our asymptotic analytical results corroborate that the secrecy diversity order is dominantly affected by the detection strategy of the legitimate receiver rather than that of the eavesdropper.
The impact of feedback errors on the security performances of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels is analyzed. For the legitimate MIMO system, two schemes are considered: 1) transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) and 2) transmit antenna selection/receive antenna selection (TAS/RAS). The eavesdropper uses either MRC or RAS techniques. We derive closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (PSPSC). In order to obtain the secrecy diversity order and the secrecy array gain, on asymptotic SOP expression is also derived.
This paper studies the secrecy performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels, also termed as multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (MIMOME) channels, under transmit antenna selection (TAS) and BPSK/QPSK modulations. In the main channel between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver, a single transmit antenna is selected to maximize the instantaneous Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, selection combining (SC) is utilized. Additionally, suppose that the transmitted message is modulated by BPSK/QPSK modes. We first derive the closed-form approximated expression for the ergodic secrecy rate under Rayleigh fading, assuming that the channel state information of the eavesdropper (CSIE) is available at the transmitter. Next, analytical formulas for the approximated and asymptotic secrecy outage probability are also developed when CSIE is unavailable (NCSIE). Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the approximation precision of the derived results above. Furthermore, the asymptotic results reveal that the secrecy diversity order degrades into 0 due to the finite-alphabet inputs, which is totally different from that driven by the Gaussian inputs.
This paper proposes a new transmit antenna selection (TAS) scheme which provides enhanced physical layer security in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels. The practical passive eavesdropping scenario we consider is where channel state information (CSI) from the eavesdropper is not available at the transmitter. Our new scheme is carried out in two steps. First, the transmitter selects the two strongest antennas based on the feedback from the receiver, which maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitter-receiver channel. Second, the Alamouti scheme is employed at the selected antennas in order to perform data transmission. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, maximal-ratio combining is applied in order to exploit the multiple antennas. We derive a new closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability in non-identical Rayleigh fading, and using this result, we then present the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity in closed form and the ε-outage secrecy capacity in numerical form. We demonstrate that our proposed TAS-Alamouti scheme offers lower secrecy outage probability than a single TAS scheme when the SNR of the transmitter-receiver channel is above a specific value.
In this paper, a novel transmit antenna selection scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wiretap channels is proposed. This new scheme achieves higher secrecy performance by exploiting eavesdropper's channel state information. The key idea behind our proposal is to perform the antenna selection aiming to maximize the overall secrecy rate instead of maximizing the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio of the main channel. In our analysis, we assume that the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper employ a maximal-ratio combining technique to combine the received signals from the transmitter. Considering Nakagami-m fading channels, a closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived, which can be used as a quality of service metric. Further, an asymptotic analysis is carried out and the diversity/array gains are obtained. The ergodic secrecy rate is also investigated for the case of multiple input single output wiretap channels. Representative numerical examples are plotted and validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Insightful discussions are drawn from the proposed analysis.