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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Coherent control of a hybrid superconducting circuit made with van der Waals heterostructures

William D. Oliver

Published Mar 15, 2021• 0 citations
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Advances in solid-state physics, materials science, and device engineering have accelerated the development of superconducting qubits. Among emerging platforms, van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures are potentially attractive building blocks for quantum devices, yet their realization in qubit architectures remains largely underexplored. Here we report an all-vdW superconducting qubit based on a NbSe2_22​-hBN-NbSe2_22​ junction, in which a thin hBN layer simultaneously provides Josephson coupling and capacitive shunting between two NbSe2_22​ islands, forming a "merged-element" transmon. Temporal characterization using circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) techniques yields an average energy-relaxation time T1,avg=55 μsT_{1,\mathrm{avg}} = 55 ~μsT1,avg​=55 μs, Hahn-echo coherence time T2E,avg=21 μsT_{2\mathrm{E},\mathrm{avg}} = 21 ~μsT2E,avg​=21 μs, and Ramsey coherence time T2R,avg=1.9 μsT_{2\mathrm{R},\mathrm{avg}} = 1.9~μsT2R,avg​=1.9 μs. The relatively low Ramsey time is primarily attributable to an enhanced sensitivity to charge noise consistent with the realized device parameters and not a fundamental limitation. These results show that lumped-element superconducting qubits based on vdW heterostructures can achieve coherence times comparable to those of conventional Al-AlOx_\mathrm{x}x​-Al qubits, while offering a reduced device footprint and suppressed stray capacitive coupling.
Van-der-Waals assembly enables the fabrication of novel Josephson junctions featuring an atomically sharp interface between two exfoliated and relatively twisted Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+x} (Bi2212) flakes. In a range of twist angles around 45°, the junction provides a regime where the interlayer two-Cooper pair tunneling dominates the current-phase relation. Here we propose employing this novel junction to realize a capacitively shunted qubit that we call flowermon. The d-wave nature of the order parameter endows the flowermon with inherent protection against charge-noise-induced relaxation and quasiparticle-induced dissipation. This inherently protected qubit paves the way to a new class of high-coherence hybrid superconducting quantum devices based on unconventional superconductors.