Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Coherent control of spatial and angular Goos-Hänchen shifts in a metal-clad waveguide structure

Ren-Gang Wan, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Feb 25, 2020• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A metal-clad waveguide backed by a coherent atomic medium is proposed to achieve tunable giant spatial and angular Goos-H\"anchen (GH) shifts. With a metal layer of appropriate thickness, a large GH shift can occur simultaneously for transverse-magnetic- and transverse-electric-polarized light beams when the waveguide modes are resonantly excited. The phase change and dip slope of the reflection coefficient around the resonance angle are closely related to the system's internal damping, which depends on the absorption of the medium. Then based on the quantum coherence effect, the spatial and angular shifts can be greatly enhanced by adjusting the parameters of the atomic system. The lateral displacement can also be switched from positive to negative or vice versa via coherent control of the absorption by the medium. Moreover, the dependence of the resonance angle of the guided mode on the refractive index makes the peak position of GH shifts tunable. The proposed scheme provides more flexibility for manipulating the spatial and the angular GH shifts, and it has potential applications in optical switches, beam steering, etc.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.023837

Related papers

Coherent control of spatial and angular Goos–Hänchen shifts with spontaneously generated coherence and incoherent pumping

Tao Shui, Xiu‐Mei Chen, Wen‐Xing Yang

We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam from a metal-clad waveguide, where a coherent atomic medium with a Λ -type configuration is employed as the substrate. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) allows us to enhance the spatial and angular GH shifts of the reflected beam. With the help of SGC, the relative phases of the probe and control fields can alter the absorption gain and refractive index of the atomic medium, thereby manipulating the magnitudes, signs, and positions of the spatial and angular shifts. Furthermore, the spatial and angular GH shifts can be coherently controlled via adjusting the incoherent pumping rate and the intensity of the control field. Our proposal provides an avenue for the manipulation of spatial and angular GH shifts and potential applications in optical switching and optical steering.

Applied Optics•Nov 22, 2022•21 citations

Tunable and enhanced Goos-Hänchen shift via surface plasmon resonance assisted by a coherent medium

Ren-Gang Wan, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

We present a scheme for enhancing Goos-Hänchen shift of light beam that is reflected from a coherent atomic medium in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration. The complex permittivity of the medium can be coherently controlled and has significant influence on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the metal-medium interface. By tuning the atomic absorption, the internal damping of SPR system can be modulated effectively, thereby leading to giant positive and negative lateral displacements. The refractive index of medium determines the SPR angle. Thus the peak position of the beam shift becomes tunable. As the optical response of the coherent medium depends on the intensity and detuning of the controlling fields, we are able to conveniently manipulate the magnitude, the sign, and the angular position of Goos-Hänchen shift peaks.

Optics Express•Feb 10, 2020•39 citations

Beam shifts controlled by orbital angular momentum in a guided-surface plasmon resonance structure with a four-level atomic medium

Yuetao Chen, G.S. Chen, Mengmeng Luo +2 more

We proposed a scheme to realize tunable giant Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert Fedorov (IF) shifts of the Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beam on a guided-wave surface plasmon resonance (GWSPR) structure backed by a coherent atomic medium with the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) effect. The orbital angular momentum carried by the incident LG beam can be applied to enhance and control IF shifts but is not beneficial to GH shifts. However, in the presence of SGC effect in the atomic medium, both GH and IF shifts can be simultaneously enhanced and well controlled. With the SGC effect, the linear absorption of the atomic medium vanishes, while the nonlinear absorption of that can be significantly enhanced and controlled by the trigger field, which contributes to controlling of the beam shifts. In particular, the direction of GH shifts can be switched by the Rabi frequency of the trigger field, which can be interpreted as the result of a competition between the inherent damping and the radiative damping corresponding to the nontrivial change in the loci of the reflection coefficients. This scheme provides an effective method to flexibly control and enhance the beam shifts, so it has potential applications in integrated optics, optical sensors, etc.

Optics Express•Jul 5, 2023•6 citations

Coherent control of Goos-Hänchen shift in a guided-wave surface plasmon resonance structure with Rydberg atoms

Dingyu Cai, Mengmeng Luo, Yuetao Chen +1 more

We proposed an effective and flexible scheme to achieve tunable giant Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift of reflected light in the configuration of guided-wave surface plasmon resonance with Rydberg atoms. With the super atom model of Rydberg atom due to the dipole blocking effect, we investigated the influence of Rydberg state population on GH displacement. By adjusting the external driving field on Rydberg atoms without changing the structure geometry, not only can GH shift be enhanced significantly to the magnitude of millimeter, but also the transition between positive and negative GH shift can be controlled at the same resonant angles. Furthermore, the resonant angle position of the maximum GH shift is also tunable via detuning the field. Our scheme may offer promising prospects for the optical switches and nano-sensors with high precision.

Results in Optics•Feb 17, 2021•1 citation

The Localized Goos Hänchen Shift In Reflection And Transmission Via Sodium Atomic Medium

Murad Ali, Shoaib Akmal, Umair Khatab +4 more

In this work, we investigate the manipulation of the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts, referring to the lateral displacement of light beams at planar interfaces, in a global sodium atomic vapor medium by utilizing its tunable optical characteristics under the coherent control fields and the variable incident angles (0.6rad≤θ≤0.8rad). We achieve this by accurately manipulating probe detuning and control field intensities using a technique called 'electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)'. EIT is a quantum interference effect that makes a medium transparent to a probe beam. By combining a near-resonant probe beam with transitions in the sodium atoms [D₂ line (5S1/2​→5P3/2)​], we obtain remarkable amplification of absorption, reflection, and transmission with spatially shifted beams that present up to ±4λ bidirectional GH shifts in reflection and ±2λ in transmission. The non-ideal normalization condition (∣T∣2+∣R∣2+∣A∣2<1) results from the redistribution of energy due to these shifts and indicates that established efficiency bounds no longer apply in coherent media. The GH-shifted beams astonishingly also maintain uniform intensity profiles at large displacements. Here, then, angular-dependent reflection pivots peak around critical angles, and transmission shifts are dynamically tunable, all emphasizing the atomic susceptibility gradients as key shapers for beam steering. These observations reveal unprecedented promise in applications, such as super-precision optical measurement, sub-wavelength displacement detection, and refractive index measurement, thus making sodium atomic vapors a tunable platform for advanced photonic devices with unique and high sensitivity. Keywords: Goos-Hänchen shift, Sodium atomic vapor, Atomic coherence, Beam displacement sensing, Optical susceptibility modulation

Annual Methodological Archive Research Review•Aug 22, 2025•0 citations

Coherent control of the Goos-Hänchen shift in Otto structure

Magdi Bajusair, Mohammad H. Alhakami, Saeed Asiri

We investigate controlling the lateral Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift for a TM-polarized field reflected from Otto structure containing four level N-type atomic medium. The N-type atomic configuration can be formed by coupling the standard three-level $Λ$ system to an additional upper energy level through a coherent driving field. The medium can then be switched from transparent to absorptive under the effect of the driving field. In the Otto structure, an air gap typically separates a dielectric prism from a metal film. We show that the sign and magnitude of the GH shift can be highly controlled when the air gap is replaced by the coherent atomic medium. This can be achieved by adjusting the strength of the applied fields to the atomic medium, while the geometrical characteristics of the proposed structure are unchanged.

arXiv:2605.20757•May 20, 2026•0 citations
A metal-clad waveguide backed by a coherent atomic medium is proposed to achieve tunable giant spatial and angular Goos-H"anchen (GH) shifts. With a metal layer of appropriate thickness, a large GH shift can occur simultaneously for transverse-magnetic- and transverse-electric-polarized light beams when the waveguide modes are resonantly excited. The phase change and dip slope of the reflection coefficient around the resonance angle are closely related to the system's internal damping, which depends on the absorption of the medium. Then based on the quantum coherence effect, the spatial and angular shifts can be greatly enhanced by adjusting the parameters of the atomic system. The lateral displacement can also be switched from positive to negative or vice versa via coherent control of the absorption by the medium. Moreover, the dependence of the resonance angle of the guided mode on the refractive index makes the peak position of GH shifts tunable. The proposed scheme provides more flexibility for manipulating the spatial and the angular GH shifts, and it has potential applications in optical switches, beam steering, etc.
We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam from a metal-clad waveguide, where a coherent atomic medium with a Λ -type configuration is employed as the substrate. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) allows us to enhance the spatial and angular GH shifts of the reflected beam. With the help of SGC, the relative phases of the probe and control fields can alter the absorption gain and refractive index of the atomic medium, thereby manipulating the magnitudes, signs, and positions of the spatial and angular shifts. Furthermore, the spatial and angular GH shifts can be coherently controlled via adjusting the incoherent pumping rate and the intensity of the control field. Our proposal provides an avenue for the manipulation of spatial and angular GH shifts and potential applications in optical switching and optical steering.
We present a scheme for enhancing Goos-Hänchen shift of light beam that is reflected from a coherent atomic medium in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration. The complex permittivity of the medium can be coherently controlled and has significant influence on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the metal-medium interface. By tuning the atomic absorption, the internal damping of SPR system can be modulated effectively, thereby leading to giant positive and negative lateral displacements. The refractive index of medium determines the SPR angle. Thus the peak position of the beam shift becomes tunable. As the optical response of the coherent medium depends on the intensity and detuning of the controlling fields, we are able to conveniently manipulate the magnitude, the sign, and the angular position of Goos-Hänchen shift peaks.
We proposed a scheme to realize tunable giant Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert Fedorov (IF) shifts of the Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beam on a guided-wave surface plasmon resonance (GWSPR) structure backed by a coherent atomic medium with the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) effect. The orbital angular momentum carried by the incident LG beam can be applied to enhance and control IF shifts but is not beneficial to GH shifts. However, in the presence of SGC effect in the atomic medium, both GH and IF shifts can be simultaneously enhanced and well controlled. With the SGC effect, the linear absorption of the atomic medium vanishes, while the nonlinear absorption of that can be significantly enhanced and controlled by the trigger field, which contributes to controlling of the beam shifts. In particular, the direction of GH shifts can be switched by the Rabi frequency of the trigger field, which can be interpreted as the result of a competition between the inherent damping and the radiative damping corresponding to the nontrivial change in the loci of the reflection coefficients. This scheme provides an effective method to flexibly control and enhance the beam shifts, so it has potential applications in integrated optics, optical sensors, etc.
We proposed an effective and flexible scheme to achieve tunable giant Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift of reflected light in the configuration of guided-wave surface plasmon resonance with Rydberg atoms. With the super atom model of Rydberg atom due to the dipole blocking effect, we investigated the influence of Rydberg state population on GH displacement. By adjusting the external driving field on Rydberg atoms without changing the structure geometry, not only can GH shift be enhanced significantly to the magnitude of millimeter, but also the transition between positive and negative GH shift can be controlled at the same resonant angles. Furthermore, the resonant angle position of the maximum GH shift is also tunable via detuning the field. Our scheme may offer promising prospects for the optical switches and nano-sensors with high precision.
In this work, we investigate the manipulation of the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts, referring to the lateral displacement of light beams at planar interfaces, in a global sodium atomic vapor medium by utilizing its tunable optical characteristics under the coherent control fields and the variable incident angles (0.6rad≤θ≤0.8rad). We achieve this by accurately manipulating probe detuning and control field intensities using a technique called 'electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)'. EIT is a quantum interference effect that makes a medium transparent to a probe beam. By combining a near-resonant probe beam with transitions in the sodium atoms [D₂ line (5S1/2​→5P3/2)​], we obtain remarkable amplification of absorption, reflection, and transmission with spatially shifted beams that present up to ±4λ bidirectional GH shifts in reflection and ±2λ in transmission. The non-ideal normalization condition (∣T∣2+∣R∣2+∣A∣2<1) results from the redistribution of energy due to these shifts and indicates that established efficiency bounds no longer apply in coherent media. The GH-shifted beams astonishingly also maintain uniform intensity profiles at large displacements. Here, then, angular-dependent reflection pivots peak around critical angles, and transmission shifts are dynamically tunable, all emphasizing the atomic susceptibility gradients as key shapers for beam steering. These observations reveal unprecedented promise in applications, such as super-precision optical measurement, sub-wavelength displacement detection, and refractive index measurement, thus making sodium atomic vapors a tunable platform for advanced photonic devices with unique and high sensitivity. Keywords: Goos-Hänchen shift, Sodium atomic vapor, Atomic coherence, Beam displacement sensing, Optical susceptibility modulation
We investigate controlling the lateral Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift for a TM-polarized field reflected from Otto structure containing four level N-type atomic medium. The N-type atomic configuration can be formed by coupling the standard three-level ΛΛΛ system to an additional upper energy level through a coherent driving field. The medium can then be switched from transparent to absorptive under the effect of the driving field. In the Otto structure, an air gap typically separates a dielectric prism from a metal film. We show that the sign and magnitude of the GH shift can be highly controlled when the air gap is replaced by the coherent atomic medium. This can be achieved by adjusting the strength of the applied fields to the atomic medium, while the geometrical characteristics of the proposed structure are unchanged.