We classify multipartite entanglement in a unified manner, focusing on a duality between the set of separable states and that of entangled states. Hyperdeterminants, derived from the duality, are natural generalizations of entanglement measures, the concurrence, 3-tangle for 2, 3 qubits respectively. Our approach reveals how inequivalent multipartite entangled classes of pure states constitute a partially ordered structure under local actions, significantly different from a totally ordered one in the bipartite case. Moreover, the generic entangled class of the maximal dimension, given by the nonzero hyperdeterminant, does not include the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities in general (e.g., in the $n \!\geq\! 4$ qubits), contrary to the widely known bipartite or 3-qubit cases. It suggests that not only are they never locally interconvertible with the majority of multipartite entangled states, but they would have no grounds for the canonical $n$ -partite entangled states. Our classification is also useful for that of mixed states.We classify multipartite entanglement in a unified manner, focusing on a duality between the set of separable states and that of entangled states. Hyperdeterminants, derived from the duality, are natural generalizations of entanglement measures, the concurrence, 3-tangle for 2, 3 qubits respectively. Our approach reveals how inequivalent multipartite entangled classes of pure states constitute a partially ordered structure under local actions, significantly different from a totally ordered one in the bipartite case. Moreover, the generic entangled class of the maximal dimension, given by the nonzero hyperdeterminant, does not include the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities in general (e.g., in the $n \!\geq\! 4$ qubits), contrary to the widely known bipartite or 3-qubit cases. It suggests that not only are they never locally interconvertible with the majority of multipartite entangled states, but they would have no grounds for the canonical $n$-partite entangled states. Our classification is also useful for that of mixed states.

arXiv:quant-ph/0212146Quantum Information and ComputationNov 1, 200253 citations

Classification of multipartite entangled states by multidimensional determinants

Akimasa Miyake

We find that multidimensional determinants ``hyperdeterminants,'' related to entanglement measures (the so-called concurrence, or 3-tangle for two or three qubits, respectively), are derived from a duality between entangled states and separable states. By means of the hyperdeterminant and its singularities, the single copy of multipartite pure entangled states is classified into an onion structure of every closed subset, similar to that by the local rank in the bipartite case. This reveals how inequivalent multipartite entangled classes are partially ordered under local actions. In particular, the generic entangled class of the maximal dimension, distinguished as the nonzero hyperdeterminant, does not include the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities in general (e.g., in the $n>~4$ qubits), contrary to the widely known bipartite or three-qubit cases. It suggests that not only are they never locally interconvertible with the majority of multipartite entangled states, but they would have no grounds for the canonical n-partite entangled states. Our classification is also useful for the mixed states.We find that multidimensional determinants ``hyperdeterminants,'' related to entanglement measures (the so-called concurrence, or 3-tangle for two or three qubits, respectively), are derived from a duality between entangled states and separable states. By means of the hyperdeterminant and its singularities, the single copy of multipartite pure entangled states is classified into an onion structure of every closed subset, similar to that by the local rank in the bipartite case. This reveals how inequivalent multipartite entangled classes are partially ordered under local actions. In particular, the generic entangled class of the maximal dimension, distinguished as the nonzero hyperdeterminant, does not include the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities in general (e.g., in the $n>~4$ qubits), contrary to the widely known bipartite or three-qubit cases. It suggests that not only are they never locally interconvertible with the majority of multipartite entangled states, but they would have no grounds for the canonical n-partite entangled states. Our classification is also useful for the mixed states.

arXiv:quant-ph/0206111Physical Review AJan 30, 2003273 citations

Sperner state and multipartite entanglement signals

Xin-Xiang Ju, Ya-Wen Sun, Yang Zhao

We establish a systematic classification scheme for multipartite entanglement structures. We define Sperner states -- a broad class of states where apparent multipartite entanglement decomposes into fewer-partite entanglement among subsystems of each party. Each class of Sperner states is associated with one antichain hypergraph and each hypergraph encodes the maximal entanglement structure permissible under its constraints. We introduce a Multi-entanglement Measure Space (MEMS) where each Sperner class corresponds to a linear subspace defined by the vanishing of specific linear combinations of bipartite and multipartite measures. The nonvanishing of such combinations signals multipartite entanglement beyond the associated hypergraph, thereby distinguishing entanglement structures. We build a two way connection between each hypergraph entanglement structure and a distinct set of combinations, thereby quantifying the entanglement pattern and providing a unified basis for classifying all multipartite entanglement.We establish a systematic classification scheme for multipartite entanglement structures. We define Sperner states -- a broad class of states where apparent multipartite entanglement decomposes into fewer-partite entanglement among subsystems of each party. Each class of Sperner states is associated with one antichain hypergraph and each hypergraph encodes the maximal entanglement structure permissible under its constraints. We introduce a Multi-entanglement Measure Space (MEMS) where each Sperner class corresponds to a linear subspace defined by the vanishing of specific linear combinations of bipartite and multipartite measures. The nonvanishing of such combinations signals multipartite entanglement beyond the associated hypergraph, thereby distinguishing entanglement structures. We build a two way connection between each hypergraph entanglement structure and a distinct set of combinations, thereby quantifying the entanglement pattern and providing a unified basis for classifying all multipartite entanglement.

quant-pharXiv:2602.12664Feb 16, 20260 citations

Topological classification of multipartite entangled states by the hyperdeterminant

Akimasa Miyake

We find that the hyperdeterminant $Det A$ , related to an entanglement measure (the concurrence, 3-tangle for the 2,3-qubit respectively), is derived from a duality between the entangled states and separable states. In terms of $Det A$ and its singularities, the single copy of multipartite pure entangled states is classified into an onion structure of every closed subset, similarly to the local rank in the bipartite case. This reveals that many inequivalent multipartite entangled states are partially ordered such that entanglement measures like $Det A$ as well as local ranks are needed to distinguish them. In particular, the nonzero $Det A$ distinguishes generic entangled states of the maximal dimension (the outermost class of the onion structure). It suggests that the majority of multipartite entangled states never locally converts to the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities even probabilistically in general (e.g., in the $n \\geq 4$ -qubit), contrary to the widely known bipartite or 3-qubit cases. The classification is also useful for that of mixed states.We find that the hyperdeterminant $Det A$, related to an entanglement measure (the concurrence, 3-tangle for the 2,3-qubit respectively), is derived from a duality between the entangled states and separable states. In terms of $Det A$ and its singularities, the single copy of multipartite pure entangled states is classified into an onion structure of every closed subset, similarly to the local rank in the bipartite case. This reveals that many inequivalent multipartite entangled states are partially ordered such that entanglement measures like $Det A$ as well as local ranks are needed to distinguish them. In particular, the nonzero $Det A$ distinguishes generic entangled states of the maximal dimension (the outermost class of the onion structure). It suggests that the majority of multipartite entangled states never locally converts to the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities even probabilistically in general (e.g., in the $n \\geq 4$-qubit), contrary to the widely known bipartite or 3-qubit cases. The classification is also useful for that of mixed states.

Jun 18, 20021 citation

Degrees of entanglement for multipartite systems

A. I. Solomon, C.-L. Ho, Gérard Duchamp

We propose a unified mathematical scheme, based on a classical tensor isomorphism, for characterizing entanglement that works for pure states of multipartite systems of any number of particles. The degree of entanglement is indicated by a set of absolute values of the determinants for each subspace of the multipartite systems. Our scheme provides a characterization of the degrees of entanglement when the qubits are measured or lost successively, and leads naturally to necessary and sufficient conditions for multipartite pure states to be separable. For systems with a large number of particles, a rougher indication of the degree of entanglement is provided by the set of mean values of the determinantal values for each subspace of the multipartite systems.We propose a unified mathematical scheme, based on a classical tensor isomorphism, for characterizing entanglement that works for pure states of multipartite systems of any number of particles. The degree of entanglement is indicated by a set of absolute values of the determinants for each subspace of the multipartite systems. Our scheme provides a characterization of the degrees of entanglement when the qubits are measured or lost successively, and leads naturally to necessary and sufficient conditions for multipartite pure states to be separable. For systems with a large number of particles, a rougher indication of the degree of entanglement is provided by the set of mean values of the determinantal values for each subspace of the multipartite systems.

arXiv:1205.4958Journal of Physics A Mathematical and TheoreticalJan 29, 20130 citations

Multipartite entanglement in spin chains and the hyperdeterminant

Alba Cervera-Lierta, Albert Gasull, José Ignacio Latorre +1 more

Abstract A way to characterize multipartite entanglement in pure states of a spin chain with sites and local dimension is by means of the Cayley hyperdeterminant. The latter quantity is a polynomial constructed with the components of the wave function which is invariant under local unitary transformation. For spin 1/2 chains (i.e. ) with and sites, the hyperdeterminant coincides with the concurrence and the tangle respectively. In this paper we consider spin chains with sites where the hyperdeterminant is a polynomial of degree 24 containing around terms. This huge object can be written in terms of more simple polynomials and of degrees 8 and 12 respectively. Correspondingly we compute , and the hyperdeterminant for eigenstates of the following spin chain Hamiltonians: the transverse Ising model, the XXZ Heisenberg model and the Haldane–Shastry model. Those invariants are also computed for random states, the ground states of random matrix Hamiltonians in the Wigner–Dyson Gaussian ensembles and the quadripartite entangled states defined by Verstraete et al in 2002. Finally, we propose a generalization of the hyperdeterminant to thermal density matrices. We observe how these polynomials are able to capture the phase transitions present in the models studied as well as a subclass of quadripartite entanglement present in the eigenstates.Abstract A way to characterize multipartite entanglement in pure states of a spin chain with sites and local dimension is by means of the Cayley hyperdeterminant. The latter quantity is a polynomial constructed with the components of the wave function which is invariant under local unitary transformation. For spin 1/2 chains (i.e. ) with and sites, the hyperdeterminant coincides with the concurrence and the tangle respectively. In this paper we consider spin chains with sites where the hyperdeterminant is a polynomial of degree 24 containing around terms. This huge object can be written in terms of more simple polynomials and of degrees 8 and 12 respectively. Correspondingly we compute , and the hyperdeterminant for eigenstates of the following spin chain Hamiltonians: the transverse Ising model, the XXZ Heisenberg model and the Haldane–Shastry model. Those invariants are also computed for random states, the ground states of random matrix Hamiltonians in the Wigner–Dyson Gaussian ensembles and the quadripartite entangled states defined by Verstraete et al in 2002. Finally, we propose a generalization of the hyperdeterminant to thermal density matrices. We observe how these polynomials are able to capture the phase transitions present in the models studied as well as a subclass of quadripartite entanglement present in the eigenstates.

arXiv:1802.02596Journal of Physics A Mathematical and TheoreticalNov 5, 20188 citations

n \!\geq\! 4

qubits), contrary to the widely known bipartite or 3-qubit cases. It suggests that not only are they never locally interconvertible with the majority of multipartite entangled states, but they would have no grounds for the canonical

n

-partite entangled states. Our classification is also useful for that of mixed states.

n>~4

qubits), contrary to the widely known bipartite or three-qubit cases. It suggests that not only are they never locally interconvertible with the majority of multipartite entangled states, but they would have no grounds for the canonical n-partite entangled states. Our classification is also useful for the mixed states.

We find that the hyperdeterminant

Det A

, related to an entanglement measure (the concurrence, 3-tangle for the 2,3-qubit respectively), is derived from a duality between the entangled states and separable states. In terms of

Det A

and its singularities, the single copy of multipartite pure entangled states is classified into an onion structure of every closed subset, similarly to the local rank in the bipartite case. This reveals that many inequivalent multipartite entangled states are partially ordered such that entanglement measures like

Det A

as well as local ranks are needed to distinguish them. In particular, the nonzero

Det A

distinguishes generic entangled states of the maximal dimension (the outermost class of the onion structure). It suggests that the majority of multipartite entangled states never locally converts to the maximally entangled states in Bell's inequalities even probabilistically in general (e.g., in the

n \\geq 4

-qubit), contrary to the widely known bipartite or 3-qubit cases. The classification is also useful for that of mixed states.