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Optics Express

Design and in-orbit test of a high accuracy pointing method in satellite-to-ground quantum communication

Liang Zhang, Jiansheng Dai, Changkun Li, Jincai Wu, Jianjun Jia, Jianyu Wang

Published Feb 29, 2020• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To meet the requirement of high-accuracy pointing of quantum signals in satellite-to-ground quantum communication, this paper proposes a flexible satellite-based pointing method that changes the fine tracking point to solve the problem from point-ahead angle and ground beacon laser offset. This method does not require the use of a point-ahead mechanism and can detect the pointing angle in real time. Detailed algorithms and analysis are given. The method has been verified in orbit on the quantum science satellite Micius. The satellite-to-ground test results show that the quantum signal pointing accuracy is between 0.5∼1.0 µrad, which meets the efficiency requirements of satellite-to-ground quantum communication.

DOI
10.1364/oe.387011

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To meet the requirement of high-accuracy pointing of quantum signals in satellite-to-ground quantum communication, this paper proposes a flexible satellite-based pointing method that changes the fine tracking point to solve the problem from point-ahead angle and ground beacon laser offset. This method does not require the use of a point-ahead mechanism and can detect the pointing angle in real time. Detailed algorithms and analysis are given. The method has been verified in orbit on the quantum science satellite Micius. The satellite-to-ground test results show that the quantum signal pointing accuracy is between 0.5∼1.0 µrad, which meets the efficiency requirements of satellite-to-ground quantum communication.
A low-divergence beam is an essential prerequisite for a high-efficiency long-distance optical link, particularly for satellite-based quantum communication. A point-ahead angle, caused by satellite motion, is always several times larger than the divergence angle of the signal beam. We design a novel transmitting antenna with a point-ahead function, and provide an easy-to-perform calibration method with an accuracy better than 0.2 μrad. Subsequently, our antenna establishes an uplink to the quantum satellite, Micius, with a link loss of 41-52 dB over a distance of 500-1,400 km. The results clearly confirm the validity of our model, and provide the ability to conduct quantum communications. Our approach can be adopted in various free space optical communication systems between moving platforms.
The establishment of a high-precision optical link is a necessary condition for satellite-to-ground quantum communication experiments. Compared with conventional laser communications, a quantum experimental satellite needs to solve special requirements such as the great difference between the energy of quantum light and beacon light, and the establishment of optical links between one satellite and two ground stations. Based on the scientific demands of satellite-to-ground quantum communication, this paper proposes an overall scheme for an optical link establishing system with a combination of satellite pointing and load autonomous searching. By using a multiple-axis pointing control method, the requirements of high-precision optical tracking are met. We use the stare-stare capture method to achieve fast capture between the satellite and the ground stations. The high-precision alignment of the satellite and ground quantum beams is realized by using a method of joint scanning and system correction. Finally, in-orbit test results of the Mo-tse quantum experimental satellite are given. The experimental data show that all parameters in the establishment of optical links meet or exceed the expected requirements.
A satellite dedicated for quantum science experiments, has been developed and successfully launched from Jiuquan, China, on August 16, 2016. Two new optical ground stations (OGSs) were built to cooperate with the satellite to complete satellite-ground quantum experiments. OGS corrected its pointing direction by satellite trajectory error to coarse tracking system and uplink beacon sight, therefore fine tracking CCD and uplink beacon optical axis alignment accuracy was to ensure that beacon could cover the quantum satellite in all time when it passed the OGSs. Unfortunately, when we tested specifications of the OGSs, due to the coarse tracking optical system was commercial telescopes, the change of position of the target in the coarse CCD was up to 600μrad along with the change of elevation angle. In this paper, a method of reduce alignment error between beacon beam and fine tracking CCD is proposed. Firstly, OGS fitted the curve of target positions in coarse CCD along with the change of elevation angle. Secondly, OGS fitted the curve of hexapod secondary mirror positions along with the change of elevation angle. Thirdly, when tracking satellite, the fine tracking error unloaded on the real-time zero point position of coarse CCD which computed by the firstly calibration data. Simultaneously the positions of the hexapod secondary mirror were adjusted by the secondly calibration data. Finally the experiment result is proposed. Results show that the alignment error is less than 50μrad.
In this paper, a method of acquisition between optical ground station and quantum communication satellite named Micius for establish optical links is proposed. The acquisition technological specification of the optical ground station system is analyzed. The acquisition strategy of optical ground station is designed. In order to point accurately to quantum satellite for optical ground station, system error modifying method is designed, using the telescope mount model to improve the absolute pointing precision. Finally the experiment result is proposed. Results show that the correction accuracy is better than 5μrad. The acquisition time is less than 5 seconds.
Designing a laser communications payload integral to a nano-satellite, capable of fine pointing, is a difficult task. Integrating this with a quantum key distribution payload for inter-satellite secure communication adds significant complexity, as does ground based communication with the moving objects in low Earth orbit. The advantages of low path length, secure, global communication make this an opportunity not to be missed. We report on developments of such a system. Beginning with a satellite demonstrator with a Pointing, Acquisition-and Tracking system that involves fine precision star-tracker, plasma and aerodynamic force interactions for steering, and an inter-satellite laser link demonstration on orbit using LED beacon for acquisition, and laser for communications link closure. Combining design studies for a nano-satellite quantum payload for transferring entangled photon-pairs between the satellites at long-range in Low Earth Orbit, and incorporating ground to space and space to ground laser communications, are described in the context of quantum optical ground station efforts within Australia.