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AIP Advances

Cavity-induced coherence phenomena in a Josephson parametric amplifier

Yapeng Lu, Jiazheng Pan, Xingyu Wei, Junliang Jiang, Sheng Lu, Zishuo Li, Xuecou Tu, Lin Kang, Chunhai Cao, Huabing Wang, Jian Chen, Weiwei Xu, Guozhu Sun, Peiheng Wu

Published Feb 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By adjusting the frequency of the cavity, we perform a microwave reflection measurement and directly probe the coherence and interference effects in a phase-sensitive Josephson parametric amplifier. We demonstrate the shift in the peak and the dip in the reflection spectra of the amplifier, which operates in the phase-sensitive mode. The behavior of the shift can be precisely controlled by tuning the pump power, the frequency of the cavity, and the relative phase between the incident signal and pump field. Theoretical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. These results provide an alternative way of controlling the parametric process by adjusting the frequency of the cavity.

DOI
10.1063/1.5128724

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By adjusting the frequency of the cavity, we perform a microwave reflection measurement and directly probe the coherence and interference effects in a phase-sensitive Josephson parametric amplifier. We demonstrate the shift in the peak and the dip in the reflection spectra of the amplifier, which operates in the phase-sensitive mode. The behavior of the shift can be precisely controlled by tuning the pump power, the frequency of the cavity, and the relative phase between the incident signal and pump field. Theoretical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. These results provide an alternative way of controlling the parametric process by adjusting the frequency of the cavity.
We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate coherence phenomena in optical parametric amplification inside a cavity. The mode splitting in the transmission spectra of a phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier is observed. Especially, we show that a very narrow dip and peak, which are the shape of a delta function, appear in the transmission profile. The origin of the coherence phenomenon in this system is the interference between the harmonic pump field and the subharmonic seed field in cooperation with dissipation of the cavity.
A squeezed vacuum field can be amplified or deamplified when it is injected, as the signal beam, into a phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier (OPA) inside an optical cavity. The spectral features of the reflected quantized signal field are controlled by the relative phase between the injected squeezed vacuum field and the pump field for the OPA. The experimental results demonstrate coherent phenomena of OPA in the quantum regime and show phase-sensitive manipulations of quantum fluctuations for quantum information processing.
In this paper we investigate the absorptive and dispersive properties in the phase-sensitive optical parametric amplification inside a cavity. First, we study the single-resonant optical parametric amplifier theoretically and experimentally. In this case, the mode splitting in the transmission spectra and the M shape in the reflection spectra are observed. However, the shape of the phase shift of the reflected field is unchanged. Then, the double-resonant optical parametric amplifier is studied theoretically, in which electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect may be emulated when the cavity linewidth for the harmonic wave is narrower than for the subharmonic field. The narrow transparency window appears in the absorption spectrum and is accompanied by a very steep variation of the dispersive profile.
We study the dynamics of a driven atomic Josephson junction that we propose as a parametric amplifier. By periodically modulating the position of the barrier, we induce a small current across the junction, serving as our input signal. The pump field is implemented by modulating the barrier height at twice the Josephson plasma frequency. The resulting dynamics exhibit parametric amplification of the signal through nonlinear mixing between the signal and pump fields, which is encoded in a specific microscopic pattern of density waves and phase excitations that can be addressed within the experimental cold-atom capabilities. This work paves the way for tunable amplifiers in atomtronic circuits, with potential applications in several fields including precision measurements and quantum information processing. At the same time, our analysis provides the microscopic explanation of the general notion of parametric amplification occurring in nonlinear coherent devices.
We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier, comprising a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator terminated by a dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). An external field (the pump, ∼20\sim 20∼20 GHz) modulates the flux threading the dc SQUID, and, thereby, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, ∼10\sim 10∼10 GHz), which leads to parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers, and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.
Quantum-limited parametric amplifiers are essential components for many quantum technologies operating in the microwave domain. Achieving both high gain and broad bandwidth, however, remains challenging due to trade-offs between gain and bandwidth, pump efficiency, and dynamic range. Moreover, high-gain broadband amplifiers become increasingly sensitive to their external electromagnetic environment, which can distort their gain spectra and hinder reliable operation. Here, we present an accurate theoretical model and a systematic design methodology for a flux-driven, lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifier based on a SQUID array. Our device achieves near-quantum-limited, phase-preserving amplification with a net gain of 20 (maximally 44) dB and a 3-dB bandwidth of $\sim50(50 (50(\lesssim$0.2) MHz. We further show that the gain spectra exhibit pronounced sensitivity to weak reflections in the input-output waveguide caused by impedance mismatches in the microwave environment. By incorporating Fabry-Pérot-type interference into a quantum input-output model, we analytically reproduce these complex spectral features and identify how they depend on the physical parameters of the environment. More generally, our results provide a practical framework for separating the intrinsic dynamics of parametric amplifiers from environmental effects. This approach enables reliable characterization and optimization of amplifier performance while providing a systematic strategy for diagnosing microwave reflections and engineering environmental interference to shape amplifier gain spectra, thereby offering a pathway toward robust, reproducible, and truly quantum-limited microwave amplification.