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Physical Review A

Entanglement of two nitrogen-vacancy ensembles via a nanotube

Yonghong Ma, Quanzhen Ding, E Wu

Published Feb 10, 2020• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As an essential quantum resource in quantum information processing, entanglement between macroscopic systems has been applied to both quantum technologies and foundational studies of the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds. Inspired by the proposal by Li et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 015502 (2016)], we propose a scheme that is composed of two separated nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to the vibration mode of a nanotube for creating entanglement between the two ensembles. An approximate analytical solution related to the calculation of macroscopic entanglement for this two-spin-ensemble model is derived. This kind of analytical solution will be crucial for directly testing the contribution of the experimental parameters, especially for the calculation of macroscopic entanglement in follow-up work. Including the dephasing and mechanical dissipation, we show that two spin ensembles are entangled with time evolution under realistic experimental conditions. This macroscopic entanglement is applicable for applied ideas related to quantum computation and communication, as well as the studies of the boundary between quantum and classical worlds. Moreover, we describe how to realize this practical model and demonstrate this macroscopic entanglement in experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.022311

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As an essential quantum resource in quantum information processing, entanglement between macroscopic systems has been applied to both quantum technologies and foundational studies of the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds. Inspired by the proposal by Li et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 015502 (2016)], we propose a scheme that is composed of two separated nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to the vibration mode of a nanotube for creating entanglement between the two ensembles. An approximate analytical solution related to the calculation of macroscopic entanglement for this two-spin-ensemble model is derived. This kind of analytical solution will be crucial for directly testing the contribution of the experimental parameters, especially for the calculation of macroscopic entanglement in follow-up work. Including the dephasing and mechanical dissipation, we show that two spin ensembles are entangled with time evolution under realistic experimental conditions. This macroscopic entanglement is applicable for applied ideas related to quantum computation and communication, as well as the studies of the boundary between quantum and classical worlds. Moreover, we describe how to realize this practical model and demonstrate this macroscopic entanglement in experiments.
Entanglement between macroscopic systems is a basic resource for many quantum information processing, and so it is crucially important to investigate the possibility of achieving entanglement between macroscopic systems. In this work, we propose a novel mechanism for achieving entanglement between two spin ensembles in diamond nanostructures. The interaction between two spin ensembles, associated with the nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, are mediated by their coupling with a flux qubit. Using numerical methods, we show that two spin ensembles are entangled with the time evolution under realistic experimental conditions. This macroscopic entanglement between two spin ensembles has important implications for ongoing efforts to realize quantum computation and communication.
Exploration of macroscopic quantum entanglement is of great interest in both fundamental science and practical application. We investigate a hybrid quantum system that consists of two nitrogen-vacancy centers ensembles (NVE) coupled to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR). The collective magnetic coupling between the NVE and the CPWR is employed to generate macroscopic entanglement between the NVEs, where the CPWR acts as the quantum bus. We find that, this NVE-CPWR hybrid system behaves as a system of three coupled harmonic oscillators, and the excitation prepared initially in the CPWR can be distributed into these two NVEs. In the nondissipative case, the entanglement of NVEs oscillates periodically and the maximal entanglement always keeps unity if the CPWR is initially prepared in the odd coherent state. Considering the dissipative effect from the CPWR and NVEs, the amount of entanglement between these two NVEs strongly depends on the initial state of the CPWR, and the maximal entanglement can be tuned by adjusting the initial states of the total system. The experimental feasibility and challenge with currently available technology are discussed.
Quantum entanglement is a kernel of quantum computation and quantum communication. We introduce a theoretical scheme to achieve the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes in a hybrid system. The proposed hybrid system based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin ensemble is coherently coupled to a superconducting quantum circuit consisting of two quantum nodes and a quantum channel. Each node in our setup is composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator. The NV center spin ensemble composed of N identical and non-interacting NV spins, is placed in the magnetic field antinode of the superconducting coplanar resonator where the coupling is maximized. An array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is inserted in the central conductor of resonator to make its frequency tunable with the magnetic flux threading through the SQUID loops. This flux is generated by passing current through an on-chip wire, so that the resonator can be brought in resonance with the NV center spins without changing their Zeeman splitting. Quantum qubits encoded into two separate nodes are connected by a vacuum superconducting coplanar resonator that is used as a quantum channel. This setup can potentially take the best elements of each individual system:NV center spin ensemble with longer coherence time capable of preparing, storing and releasing photonic quantum information, and the superconducting quantum circuits are easy to manipulate externally and can perform quantum logic gates to control quantum information rapidly. In order to realize the entanglement between two separated quantum nodes, firstly, we make a canonical transformation and obtain the Hamiltonian of the system that is reduced to two NV center spin ensembles resonantly coupled to a single mode of the superconducting coplanar resonator. Then we put forward the hybrid NV center spin-photon qubit encoding. In this hybrid encoding, the NV center spin and photon degrees of freedom enter on an equal footing into the definition of the qubit, in which case, quantum channel will switch on when three superconducting coplanar resonators are in resonance with each other, and all the manipulations can perform simply by tuning the frequencies of the superconducting coplanar resonators. Under the precise control of the evolution time, high fidelity entanglement between two separated quantum nodes is achieved. We show that this proposal can provide high fidelity quantum entanglement under realistic conditions, both in the resonant and the dispersive interaction cases. This hybrid quantum system will exhibit long coherence time and possess features like easy fabrication, integratability, and potential scalability. Furthermore, the quantum node composed of an NV center spin ensemble magnetically coupled to a superconducting coplanar resonator can be respectively integrated, which has practical applications in the realization of quantum information transmission and quantum entanglement among multiple quantum nodes.
Abstract We propose a potentially practical scheme for creating macroscopic entangled coherent state between two separate nitrogen-vacancy center spin ensembles placed near a superconducting flux qubit. Through the collective magnetic coupling and the in situ tunability of the flux qubit, the arbitrary entangled coherent states of spin ensembles can be achieved with high success possibilities under the influence from decoherence of the flux qubit and spin ensembles. The experimental feasibility and challenge are justified using currently available technology.
Abstract Entanglement in macroscopic systems, as a fundamental quantum resource, has been utilized to propel the advancement of quantum technology and probe the boundary between the quantum and classical realms. This study focuses on a unique hybrid quantum system comprising of an ensemble of silicon vacancy (SiV) centers coupled to phononic waveguides in diamond via strain interactions. By employing two sets of time-dependent, non-overlapping driving fields, we investigate the generation process and dynamic properties of macroscopic quantum entanglement, providing fresh insights into the behavior of such hybrid quantum systems. Furthermore, it paves the way for new possibilities in utilizing quantum entanglement as an information carrier in quantum information processing and quantum communication.
Practical quantum information technique requires a large scalable quantum network. We proposed a hybrid system for deterministic scalable spin entanglement network based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond coupling with carbon nanotube. The fault-tolerant entangled gate between two remote NV centers can be realized with vibrating nanotube assisted spin-spin interaction with current experimental technology. This interaction can be directly generalized to multi-NV-center entanglement architecture. Moreover, the effects of the single spin dephasing (SSD) and spin cross relaxation (SCR) on this state generation process were analyzed in detail. We found that the decay rate scales as N2{N}^{2}N2, corresponding to the number of independent decoherence channels. However, by employing dressed state protection and independent tunable interaction method, SSD and SCR can be mitigated efficiently and the decay rate of the generated multi-NV-center entanglement scales as NNN, which boosts the size of the entanglement network up to hundreds of qubits. Such a hybrid quantum system compatible with current topological protection provides a useful platform for the investigation of quantum computation.