Three-dimensional dynamics of vortex-lattice formation in Bose-Einstein condensates
Kenichi Kasamatsu, Masahiko Machida, Narimasa Sasa +1 more
We numerically study the dynamics of vortex lattice formation in a rotating cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate. The study is a three-dimensional simulation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a phenomenological dissipation term. The simulations reveal previously unknown dynamical features of the vortex nucleation process, in which the condensate undergoes a strongly turbulent stage and the penetrating vortex lines vibrate rapidly. The vibrations arise from spontaneous excitation of Kelvin waves on the protovortices during a surface wave instability, caused by an inhomogeneity of the condensate density along the elongated axial direction.
arXiv:cond-mat/0504603•Physical Review A•Jun 28, 2005•42 citations