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Physics & Astronomy International Journal

Secure electronic voting scheme by the new quantum signature-masked authentication

Negin Fatahi, Hamid Reza Afsheh

Published Dec 17, 2018• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Signature-masked authentication is a type of authentication that a user can obtain services when the service provider ensured that the user has the corresponding credentials issued by a trusted central authentication (CA).In this paper, we introduce a new quantum signature-masked authentication scheme based on private key, in which, the centre of CA exports not only the original credential that certificates for the user by adding the user's secret information but also private key between the user Alice and the service provider Bob.The shared private key makes it possible for the communicators to protect their encoded quantum message from CA cheating.It is proved that the scheme can resist the forgery attack, impersonation attack and outside attack.Also, as a potential application of the scheme, an electronic voting method by using signature-masked authentication is introduced.

DOI
10.15406/paij.2018.02.00146

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Signature-masked authentication is a type of authentication that a user can obtain services when the service provider ensured that the user has the corresponding credentials issued by a trusted central authentication (CA).In this paper, we introduce a new quantum signature-masked authentication scheme based on private key, in which, the centre of CA exports not only the original credential that certificates for the user by adding the user's secret information but also private key between the user Alice and the service provider Bob.The shared private key makes it possible for the communicators to protect their encoded quantum message from CA cheating.It is proved that the scheme can resist the forgery attack, impersonation attack and outside attack.Also, as a potential application of the scheme, an electronic voting method by using signature-masked authentication is introduced.
Traditional digital signatures are based on mathematical hard problems that are vulnerable to quantum attacks. For privacy-sensitive applications such as electronic cash and electronic voting, partially blind signatures are preferable because they protect private messages while allowing signers to verify necessary public information. This paper proposes an identity-based quantum partially blind signature scheme based on quantum teleportation. Each signing session is assigned a unique identifier. The user blinds the private binary message by applying Pauli-X operations with a one-time random string, while public information remains visible to the signer. A trusted PKG performs identity authentication, signature authorization, session-key distribution, and time-period-based key lifecycle management. Quantum tags and quantum authentication codes provide verification and arbitration evidence, while quantum teleportation is used to transmit quantum information. In case of disputes, an arbitrator can verify independently stored quantum evidence, and channel monitoring enables the detection of eavesdropping and tampering. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme satisfies partial blindness, unforgeability, and non-repudiation, and resists malicious third-party attacks. It is suitable for privacy-preserving and restricted-authorization applications such as electronic cash and electronic voting.
The rapid advancement of internet technology has raised attention to the importance of electronic voting in maintaining democracy and fairness in elections. E-voting refers to the use of electronic technology to facilitate the casting and counting of votes in elections. The need for designated verification arises from concerns about voter privacy, auditability, and the prevention of manipulation. Traditional e-voting systems use cryptographic techniques for security but lack verifiable proof of integrity. Integrating e-voting with a quantum designated verifier could address these challenges by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to enhance security and trustworthiness. In light of this, we propose a quantum e-voting scheme that uses a designated verifier signature. To ensure the confidentiality and authenticity of the voting process, the scheme uses quantum features like the no-cloning theorem and quantum key distribution. The proposed scheme has security properties like source hiding, non-transferability, and message anonymity. The proposed scheme is resistant to many quantum attacks, such as eavesdropping and impersonation. Due to designated verification, the scheme minimizes the risk of tempering. This paper provides a detailed description of the proposed scheme and analyzes its security properties. Therefore, the proposed scheme is efficient, practical, and secure.
Utilizing designated verifiers in consumer-centric electronic voting (CCEV) systems not only enhances confidentiality but also upholds authenticity, validates the accuracy of votes, and protects participants’ privacy. Besides, integrating blockchain technology offers a decentralized and tamper-resistant solution that addresses issues like the single point of failure of traditional CCEV systems. However, the emergence of quantum computing introduces new security threats to established blockchain-based CCEV systems. To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the voting process, we suggest a quantum blockchain-enabled CCEV system with designated verification that employs principles such as quantum key distribution and the no-cloning theorem. The suggested framework combines quantum computing with blockchain to make CCEV safe and resistant to quantum attacks, and to lower the chance of tampering. The security analysis section showcases the security features offered by the proposed system, including designated verification, source hiding, and non-transferability properties. Furthermore, a detailed performance analysis demonstrates the potential of the suggested system based on computational and communication efficiency with other existing state-of-the-art protocols. Therefore, our system provides enhanced security features, making it more suitable and effective for CCEV.
Abstract Designated verifier signature (DVS) schemes can be applied in many scenes, such as E-voting and E-bidding use DVS attributes to protect the secret of participants. Most traditional DVS schemes are vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. Then, an identity-based semi-trusted third-party quantum DVS (STQDVS) scheme is proposed, which is safe for quantum means of attack. In new STQDVS scheme, the third participant prepares entangled Bell states and allocates them to the signer and the designated verifier (DV). The signer uses the identity information as her public key and the measurement results of corresponding quantum sequences as her private key to generate the signature. The DV applies the identity information as his public key and the measurement results of corresponding quantum sequences as her private key to verify the signature. Non-transferability and hidden origin are guaranteed by the fact that the DV can generate the same signature as the signatory by means of a simulated signature step. Security analysis has shown that attacks such as forgery, inter-resending, and impersonation are ineffective for the proposed scheme and that even third-party cannot forge signatures. On the other hand, the whole process of the scheme does not require any quantum key distribution protocols, quantum one-way functions, and quantum state exchange tests, which makes the STQDVS scheme relatively simple and more efficient than similar schemes.
Privacy and authenticity are two main tasks for secure communication. In this paper, a quantum authenticated encryption scheme is proposed. This scheme is devised to encrypt and authenticate classical information using quantum states. We assume that Alice and Bob share a classical bits string y as their private key. Alice generates quantum cipher text and authentication tag using her secret key. Bob can decrypt and verify the authenticity of the received message. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol is a computationally secure encryption and statistically secure authentication scheme.
The aim of controlled quantum teleportation is to realize communication between Alice and Bob to cooperate with a trusted controller Charlie successfully. However, we show that the dishonest Bob can obtain the initial Alice's secret message with 50 percents without the permission of Charlie. We propose an improved controlled quantum teleportation scheme by using quantum entanglement swapping in quantum communication. The receiver Bob is identified by the trusted Charlie. After the sender Alice gets the feedback information from Charlie, he can make sure the identity of Bob and then sends the quantum information to Bob. The scheme can effectively prevent forged identity attack to ensure the security of quantum teleportation. We also propose a quantum teleportation scheme with identity authentication in controlled quantum network with multiple users and controllers.