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New Journal of Physics

Formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons in a trapless Bose–Einstein condensate with spin–orbit coupling

Yajun Wang, Lin Wen, Guangping Chen, Shougang Zhang, Xiao-Fei Zhang

Published Feb 3, 2020• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We consider a binary self-attractive Bose–Einstein condensate with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in two-dimensional (2D) free space. The formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons are elucidated through numerical analysis and variational approximation. It is found that dynamically stabilized vector bright solitons can be formed in 2D free space with appropriate parameters and ramp schemes, and its motional trajectory and stability show nontrivial behavior and strong dependence on the direction of the force generated by the SOC. Finally, the case of the periodic modulation of SOC is discussed, and an experimental protocol is also given.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ab725b

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Abstract We consider a binary self-attractive Bose–Einstein condensate with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in two-dimensional (2D) free space. The formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons are elucidated through numerical analysis and variational approximation. It is found that dynamically stabilized vector bright solitons can be formed in 2D free space with appropriate parameters and ramp schemes, and its motional trajectory and stability show nontrivial behavior and strong dependence on the direction of the force generated by the SOC. Finally, the case of the periodic modulation of SOC is discussed, and an experimental protocol is also given.
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Solitons are self-trapped modes existing in various nonlinear systems. Creating stable solitons in two- and three-dimensional settings is a challenging goal in various branches of physics. Several methods have been developed theoretically and experimentally to achieve this, but few of them can support stable multi-dimensional solitons in free space. Recently, a new scheme using spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) has been proposed to create stable 2D solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). This paper reviews recent theoretical progress on creating stable 2D solitons in spinor dipolar BEC with SOC, combined with long-range dipole-dipole interaction (DDI), Zeeman splitting (ZS) and contact nonlinearity, in free space. The continuous family of stable symmetric vortex solitons (SVS), asymmetric vortex solitons (AVS), as well as gap solitons (GS) is found via different settings. Their existence and stability conditions are summarized and discussed in detail. The mobility properties of these types of solitons are also addressed. For SVS, a potential method to manipulate its shape and mobility is investigated. These results are supposed to enrich our understanding of 2D solitons and help create multi-dimensional solitons in experiments.
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Abstract Vortex solitons (VSs) in spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) quantum gases are of fundamental interest due to their unique topological properties and potential applications in quantum information processing. We investigate the existence and stability of two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave VSs in a binary SOC Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of Rydberg atoms, confined by a radially periodic potential. By employing the imaginary-time integration method, we numerically demonstrate the formation of three distinct types of matter-wave soliton pairs, ring-shaped, necklace-shaped, and crescent-shaped, carrying topological charges up to 7. Their stability is systematically verified through temporal evolution and fidelity analysis. The SOC strength is found to be critical for supporting VSs with high topological charges. However, the presence of the external potential imposes a constraint on the SOC interaction, suppressing the generation of VSs with very high charges. A repulsive Rydberg-Rydberg interaction is identified as essential for balancing the diffraction and the SOC effect. Furthermore, the phase structures of these solitons exhibit a periodic modulation in the radial direction, inherited from the external potential. This study provides significant promise for applications in quantum information processing and the design of novel topological devices.