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Physical Review A

Improving photon antibunching with two dipole-coupled atoms in whispering-gallery-mode microresonators

Ye Qu, Shu-Ting Shen, Jiahua Li, Ying Wu

Published Feb 7, 2020• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the two-atom or multiatom system, the atoms can interact with each other through exchange of virtual photon. This kind of energy exchange is often referred as the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). Here we consider this DDI system consisting of a pair of two-level atoms strongly coupled with a bimodal whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator which is driven by an external laser field. Our aim is to explore the photon correlation characteristics of the proposed architecture using realistic experimental parameter values. We compare in detail the quality of photon antibunching (i.e., the smallness of the second-order correlation function) from three involved configurations in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED): (i) only one two-level atom, (ii) two far apart two-level atoms without DDI, and (iii) two DDI (dipole-coupled) two-level atoms are respectively coupled to the driven WGM microresonator through the evanescent field. We clearly show that the DDI between both atoms can distinctly enhance the photon antibunching even in the weak-coupling regime in configuration (iii) with feature-rich line shapes. We also find that the photon antibunching can be modulated by properly adjusting the atom-cavity coupling strength. In addition, we display that this strong photon antibunching is robust against the cooperative atomic decay. Our DDI-based cavity QED scheme may provide an alternative way to the construction of integrated on-chip single-photon sources.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.023810

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In the two-atom or multiatom system, the atoms can interact with each other through exchange of virtual photon. This kind of energy exchange is often referred as the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). Here we consider this DDI system consisting of a pair of two-level atoms strongly coupled with a bimodal whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator which is driven by an external laser field. Our aim is to explore the photon correlation characteristics of the proposed architecture using realistic experimental parameter values. We compare in detail the quality of photon antibunching (i.e., the smallness of the second-order correlation function) from three involved configurations in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED): (i) only one two-level atom, (ii) two far apart two-level atoms without DDI, and (iii) two DDI (dipole-coupled) two-level atoms are respectively coupled to the driven WGM microresonator through the evanescent field. We clearly show that the DDI between both atoms can distinctly enhance the photon antibunching even in the weak-coupling regime in configuration (iii) with feature-rich line shapes. We also find that the photon antibunching can be modulated by properly adjusting the atom-cavity coupling strength. In addition, we display that this strong photon antibunching is robust against the cooperative atomic decay. Our DDI-based cavity QED scheme may provide an alternative way to the construction of integrated on-chip single-photon sources.
We study the effect of mode coupling on a single-photon device in which a dipole quantum emitter (DQE) is embedded in a bimodal whispering-gallery-mode cavity. A scatterer is used to induce mode coupling between counterclockwise and clockwise propagating light fields, which interact with the DQE. We find that the antibunching increases when an additional cavity field is coupled to the DQE interacting with a cavity field. In contrast to models for the interaction between a DQE and a (one-mode or two-mode) cavity field, we find that a strong photon antibunching can occur, even for a weaker DQE-field coupling strength and large dephasing of the DQE, when mode coupling is introduced. We also find that mode coupling can make the device robust against either (1) the frequency mismatch between cavity modes and the DQE or (2) the coupling strength mismatch between the DQE and each mode in the two-mode cavity. Moreover, we find that these mismatches can be used to generate better antibunching. Our study shows that mode coupling in a bimodal cavity is very important for the realization of a good single-photon device.
We study multiphoton blockade effects in a single-mode cavity interacting with two three-level atoms in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration having position-dependent atom-field coupling. We consider the effects of dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) between the three-level atoms and show how the presence of DDI strongly influences the multiphoton blockade. For symmetric coupling of the atoms with the field, the DDI induces an asymmetry in the emission spectra as a function of pump field detuning. At positive detuning, the single-photon blockade gets stronger as a function of DDI strength, leading to photon antibunching. However, it becomes weaker at negative detuning and can also completely vanish. We show that this vanishing single-photon blockade is associated with a strong two-photon blockade, leading to two-photon bunching. Therefore, by just tuning the frequency of the pump field, we can achieve two very distinct features. We also study the effects of DDI when the atoms are asymmetrically coupled with the field and show that the proposed system exhibits two-photon bunching. We believe our results are important for the experimental realization of such systems where DDI may be present.
A quantum emitter coupled to an optical bimodal cavity in the solid-state implementation has recently proven to be an excellent platform for coherent generation of nonclassical light on a chip. However, the impacts of the structural couplings between the photonic modes via different arrangements of optical cavity and waveguide are rarely considered. Here, we explore in detail the characteristics of the photon antibunching in bimodal cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) via taking into account two different cavity-waveguide arrangements: (i) an inline geometry and (ii) a side-coupled geometry. In our scheme, both cavity modes are simultaneously coupled to a two-level emitter but are not directly coupled to each other, owing to their orthogonal polarizations. It is clearly shown that the quality of the photon antibunching in the bimodal cavity QED, namely, the smallness of the second-order intensity correlation function at zero time, is closely related to the cavity-waveguide arrangements. The optimal photon antibunching can be achieved in the side-coupled geometry and the antibunching quality is about two orders of magnitude lower than that in the inline geometry. This enhancement of the photon antibunching is ascribed to the combination of two kinds of quantum interference effects in the waveguide-cavity QED system. We also find that the side-coupled architecture can make the device robust against the frequency mismatch between the two cavity modes, as compared to the inline geometry. In addition, we find that this mismatch can be used to generate better antibunching. The realization of our proposal with existing cavity-waveguide QED architectures is also discussed.1 MoreReceived 15 September 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.98.053801©2018 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasCavity quantum electrodynamicsQuantum description of light-matter interactionQuantum interference effectsTechniquesCavity resonatorsAtomic, Molecular & Optical
Photon antibunching based on a single two-level atom strongly coupled to a single-mode optical cavity has been demonstrated in experiments. Here, we put forward an improved version of such an antibunching by introducing a pump field and a microwave field in the coupled atom-cavity system to form both a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-type transition and closed-loop coupling. Via calculating the zero-time-delay second-order correlation function g(2)(0){g}^{(2)}(0)g(2)(0) of the single-mode cavity field, we find that a complete photon blockade, namely, g(2)(0)=0{g}^{(2)}(0)=0g(2)(0)=0, can be well achieved without detuning the driving and cavity resonance. In addition, it is clearly shown that this strong photon antibunching effect appears in the weak-coupling regime of light-atom interactions. The enhanced photon antibunching is ascribed to quantum interference between the two transition paths from the three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ atom weakly coupled to the three involved fields (cavity, pump, and microwave). Our proposal is useful for the single-photon generation by photon blockade, which has applications in quantum information processing.
Abstract We propose a method to enhance photon blockade in a bimodal whispering-gallery-mode microresonator coupled to a polarized two-level system. In our approach, dipole coupling and mode coupling construct an anharmonic energy spectrum, while the parametric amplification field enhances the destructive quantum interference for two-photon excitation. This approach enables one-photon resonance and destructive quantum interference conditions to be simultaneously satisfied. In the weak driving limit, analytical expressions for both the conventional and unconventional photon blockade conditions are derived using the wavefunction approach. The approximate analytical results are validated by full numerical simulations based on the master equation. The blockade mode exhibits high photon purity without compromising brightness across a broad range of dipole-coupling strengths. Our findings present a promising route to enhancing photon blockade and provide valuable guidance for the design of integrated on-chip single-photon sources.
We investigate the effect of the dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) on the photon statistics with two atoms trapped in an optical cavity driven by a laser field and subjected to cooperative emission. By means of the quantum trajectory analysis and the second-order correlation functions, we show that the photon statistics of the cavity transmission can be flexibly modulated by the DDI while the incoming coherent laser selectively excites the atom–cavity system’s nonlinear Jaynes–Cummings ladder of excited states. Finally, we find that the effect of the cooperatively atomic emission can also be revealed by the numerical simulations and can be explained with a simplified picture. The DDI induced nonlinearity gives rise to highly nonclassical photon emission from the cavity that is significant for quantum information processing and quantum communication.