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APS

Observation of strongly interacting Fermi gases and orbital Feshbach molecules of Ytterbium atoms

Giacomo Cappellini, Lorenzo Francesco Livi, Lorenzo Franchi, M. Inguscio, Jacopo Catani, L. Fallani

Published May 1, 2018• 0 citations
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Probing many-body physics with multiorbital quantum gases

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This thesis reports on two experiments employing ultracold atoms to realize many-body physics in the presence of an orbital degree of freedom. In particular, we develop the experimental techniques to probe the Fermi polaron problem across an orbital Feshbach resonance and examine the relaxation dynamics in the one-dimensional mass-imbalanced Fermi-Hubbard model. Quasiparticles like the Fermi polaron constitute an elementary part of Landau's Fermi liquid theory and find extensive application in the description of interacting electron systems. In the first part of this thesis, we exploit the recently observed orbital Feshbach resonance in ytterbium to produce multiorbital Fermi polarons in mixtures of ground state and clock state atoms. To this end, we employ clock-line spectroscopy and identify the repulsive as well as attractive polaron in the many-body spectrum of the two-dimensional impurity-bath system. We also determine other important quasiparticle properties, namely, the residue and lifetime. Our measurement results agree well with a tailored many-body theory, thereby confirming the relevance of orbital interactions for the Fermi polaron problem. In the second experiment, we study the mass-imbalanced Fermi-Hubbard model with ytterbium atoms trapped in a state-dependent optical lattice for the ground and metastable clock state. Atomic populations are prepared in both of these states and correspond to heavy and light particles exhibiting vastly different dynamical time scales. Recently, such models have been extensively explored in the context of localization and thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems. To probe non-equilibrium dynamics in our system, we record the density of the light species after adjusting the external trapping potential. In this way, we identify a strong suppression of transport at early times and slow relaxation at late times, with a significant dependence on the dynamical time scale and interaction strength of both species. Our results demonstrate the emergence of metastability and extremely slow thermalization due to dynamical constraints. The implementations of multiorbital many-body physics established within this thesis pave the way for quantum simulators that could shed light on open questions in condensed-matter theory.

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Raman-Induced Interactions in a Single-Component Fermi Gas Near an s -Wave Feshbach Resonance

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Ultracold gases of interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions are predicted to display exotic phenomena such as topological superfluidity and its associated Majorana fermions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a route to strongly interacting single-component atomic Fermi gases by combining an s-wave Feshbach resonance (giving strong interactions) and spin-orbit coupling (creating an effective p-wave channel). We identify the Feshbach resonance by its associated atomic loss feature and show that, in agreement with our single-channel scattering model, this feature is preserved and shifted as a function of the spin-orbit-coupling parameters.

arXiv:1306.1965•Physical Review Letters•Aug 26, 2013•168 citations
We study the dissociation of Feshbach molecules in ultracold Fermi gases with spin-orbit (SO) coupling. Since SO coupling can induce a quantum transition between Feshbach molecules and the fully polarized Fermi gas, the Feshbach molecules can be dissociated by the SO coupling. We experimentally realize this type of dissociation in ultracold gases of 40K^{40}\text{K}40K atoms with SO coupling created by Raman beams and observe that the dissociation rate is highly nonmonotonic on both the positive and negative Raman-detuning sides. Our results show that the dissociation of Feshbach molecules can be controlled by different degrees of freedoms, i.e., the SO-coupling intensity or the momenta of the Raman beams, as well as the detuning of the Raman beams.
This thesis reports on two experiments employing ultracold atoms to realize many-body physics in the presence of an orbital degree of freedom. In particular, we develop the experimental techniques to probe the Fermi polaron problem across an orbital Feshbach resonance and examine the relaxation dynamics in the one-dimensional mass-imbalanced Fermi-Hubbard model. Quasiparticles like the Fermi polaron constitute an elementary part of Landau's Fermi liquid theory and find extensive application in the description of interacting electron systems. In the first part of this thesis, we exploit the recently observed orbital Feshbach resonance in ytterbium to produce multiorbital Fermi polarons in mixtures of ground state and clock state atoms. To this end, we employ clock-line spectroscopy and identify the repulsive as well as attractive polaron in the many-body spectrum of the two-dimensional impurity-bath system. We also determine other important quasiparticle properties, namely, the residue and lifetime. Our measurement results agree well with a tailored many-body theory, thereby confirming the relevance of orbital interactions for the Fermi polaron problem. In the second experiment, we study the mass-imbalanced Fermi-Hubbard model with ytterbium atoms trapped in a state-dependent optical lattice for the ground and metastable clock state. Atomic populations are prepared in both of these states and correspond to heavy and light particles exhibiting vastly different dynamical time scales. Recently, such models have been extensively explored in the context of localization and thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems. To probe non-equilibrium dynamics in our system, we record the density of the light species after adjusting the external trapping potential. In this way, we identify a strong suppression of transport at early times and slow relaxation at late times, with a significant dependence on the dynamical time scale and interaction strength of both species. Our results demonstrate the emergence of metastability and extremely slow thermalization due to dynamical constraints. The implementations of multiorbital many-body physics established within this thesis pave the way for quantum simulators that could shed light on open questions in condensed-matter theory.
Ultracold gases of interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions are predicted to display exotic phenomena such as topological superfluidity and its associated Majorana fermions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a route to strongly interacting single-component atomic Fermi gases by combining an s-wave Feshbach resonance (giving strong interactions) and spin-orbit coupling (creating an effective p-wave channel). We identify the Feshbach resonance by its associated atomic loss feature and show that, in agreement with our single-channel scattering model, this feature is preserved and shifted as a function of the spin-orbit-coupling parameters.