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International Journal of Quantum Information

Nonclassical noise features in a correlation plenoptic imaging setup

Emiliana De Scisciolo, Francesco Di Lena, Alessio Scagliola, Augusto Garuccio, Francesco Vincenzo Pepe, Alessio Avella, Ivano Ruo Berchera, Milena D’Angelo

Published Jan 30, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Sub-shot-noise imaging and correlation plenoptic imaging are two quantum imaging techniques that enable to overcome different problems of classical imaging systems. Combining the two techniques is not trivial, since the former is based on the detection of identical corresponding modes to subtract noise, while the latter requires the detection of different modes to perform directional reconstruction. In this paper, we experimentally show the possibility to obtain a noise-reduction factor smaller than one, a necessary condition to perform sub-shot-noise imaging, in a setup that can be adapted to correlation plenoptic imaging.

DOI
10.1142/s021974991941017x

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Sub-shot-noise imaging and correlation plenoptic imaging are two quantum imaging techniques that enable to overcome different problems of classical imaging systems. Combining the two techniques is not trivial, since the former is based on the detection of identical corresponding modes to subtract noise, while the latter requires the detection of different modes to perform directional reconstruction. In this paper, we experimentally show the possibility to obtain a noise-reduction factor smaller than one, a necessary condition to perform sub-shot-noise imaging, in a setup that can be adapted to correlation plenoptic imaging.
Sub-Shot Noise quantum imaging is a novel quantum method allowing in principle to recover the image of a weak absorbing object, even if illuminated by a low photon flux, with a signal to noise ratio larger than classical imaging techniques. Here we present the first realization of a genuine quantum imaging schemes exploiting correlation of twin beams produced by Parametric Down conversion. We compare its performances with respect to the corresponding classical scheme, showing a clear improvement of the sensitivity in the reconstruction of the absorbtion profile of a weak object.
Plenoptic imaging is a novel optical technique for three-dimensional imaging in a single shot. It is enabled by the simultaneous measurement of both the location and the propagation direction of light in a given scene. In the standard approach, the maximum spatial and angular resolutions are inversely proportional, and so are the resolution and the maximum achievable depth of focus of the 3D image. We have recently proposed a method to overcome such fundamental limits by combining plenoptic imaging with an intriguing correlation remote-imaging technique: ghost imaging. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that correlation plenoptic imaging can be effectively achieved by exploiting the position-momentum entanglement characterizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) photon pairs. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we shall show that correlation plenoptic imaging with entangled photons may enable the refocusing of an out-of-focus image at the same depth of focus of a standard plenoptic device, but without sacrificing diffraction-limited image resolution.
Quantum properties of the optical field represent a resource of the utmost relevance for the development of quantum technologies, allowing unprecedented results in disciplines ranging from quantum information and metrology to quantum imaging. Spatial quantum correlations generated by of parametric down conversion (PDC) represents a tool for quantum imaging because they are intrinsically multimode, a requirement for obtaining large degree of correlation over small portions of the beams, allowing to register the spatial structure of an object. In particular a very interesting example is provided by the detection of weak objects, a result that could have important practical applications. The principle of this technique is to take advantage of the correlation in the noise of two conjugated branches of PDC emission: in fact, subtracting the noise measured on one branch from the image of a weak object obtained in the other branch, the image of the object, eventually previously hidden in the noise, could be restored. Here, after a general summary of quantum imaging techniques, firstly we will show how we have reached a sub shot noise regime and then improved this result up to reach a regime where it was possible to achieve the first experimental realisation of sub shot noise imaging of a weak absorbing object.
Plenoptic imaging (PI) is an optical technique to perform three-dimensional imaging in a single shot. It is enabled by the simultaneous measurement of both the location and the propagation direction of light in a given scene. Despite being very useful for extending the depth of field, such technique entails a strong trade- off between spatial and angular resolution. This makes the resolution and the maximum achievable depth of focus inversely proportional; hence, resolution cannot be diffraction-limited. We have recently proposed a new procedure, called Correlation Plenoptic Imaging (CPI), to overcome such fundamental limits by collecting plenoptic information through intensity correlation measurement. Using two correlated beams, from either a chaotic or an entangled photon source, we perform imaging in one arm and simultaneously obtain the angular information in the other arm. In this paper, we discuss the case in which the two correlated beams of light are generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We review the principles of CPI with entangled photons and discuss its resolution and depth-of-field limits.