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npj Quantum Information

Generation and symmetry control of quantum frequency combs

G. Maltese, Maria I. Amanti, Félicien Appas, G. Sinnl, Aristide Lemaître, P. Milman, F. Baboux, S. Ducci

Published Jan 31, 2020• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum frequency combs are a useful resource for parallel quantum communication and processing, given the robustness and easy handling offered by the frequency degree of freedom. In this work, we propose a method to generate broadband biphoton frequency combs and control their symmetry under particle exchange, based on purely passive optical components, such as a cavity and an optical delay line. We experimentally demonstrate our method using an integrated AlGaAs semiconductor platform producing quantum frequency combs, working at room temperature and compliant with electrical injection. We show the generation and manipulation of biphoton frequency combs, spreading over more the 500 peaks. These results open interesting perspectives for the development of massively parallel and reconfigurable systems for complex quantum operations.

DOI
10.1038/s41534-019-0237-9

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Abstract Quantum frequency combs are a useful resource for parallel quantum communication and processing, given the robustness and easy handling offered by the frequency degree of freedom. In this work, we propose a method to generate broadband biphoton frequency combs and control their symmetry under particle exchange, based on purely passive optical components, such as a cavity and an optical delay line. We experimentally demonstrate our method using an integrated AlGaAs semiconductor platform producing quantum frequency combs, working at room temperature and compliant with electrical injection. We show the generation and manipulation of biphoton frequency combs, spreading over more the 500 peaks. These results open interesting perspectives for the development of massively parallel and reconfigurable systems for complex quantum operations.
High-dimensional quantum states are promising resources for quantum communication and processing. In this context the frequency degree of freedom of light combines the advantages of robustness and easy handling with standard classical telecommunication components. In this work we propose a method to generate and control the symmetry of broadband biphoton frequency states, based on the interplay of cavity effects and relative temporal delay between the two photons of each pair. We demonstrate it using an integrated AlGaAs semiconductor platform producing quantum frequency combs, working at room temperature and compliant with electrical injection. These results open interesting perspectives for the development of massively parallel and reconfigurable systems for complex quantum operations.
We present our results on the generation and manipulation of high dimensional quantum frequency states of light generated with AlGaAs chips working in the telecom band at room temperature. In the case of devices based on a collinear phase matching scheme we propose a method to generate and control the symmetry of broadband biphoton frequency combs, exploiting the interplay of cavity effects and relative temporal delay between the two photons of each pair. In the case of devices based on a transverse pump configuration we demonstrate that engineering the spatial properties of the pump beam allows to produce frequency-anticorrelated, correlated and separable states, and to control the parity of the biphoton wavefunction to induce either bosonic or fermionic particle statistics. These results open promising perspectives for communication and computation protocols exploiting high-dimensional quantum states, as well as for the quantum simulation of fermionic problems with photons on an integrated platform.
We present our results on the generation and manipulation of high dimensional quantum frequency states of light generated with AlGaAs chips working in the telecom band at room temperature. In the case of devices based on a collinear phase matching scheme we propose a method to generate and control the symmetry of broadband biphoton frequency combs, exploiting the interplay of cavity effects and relative temporal delay between the two photons of each pair. In the case of devices based on a transverse pump configuration we demonstrate that engineering the spatial properties of the pump beam allows to produce frequency-anticorrelated, correlated and separable states, and to control the parity of the biphoton wavefunction to induce either bosonic or fermionic particle statistics. These results open promising perspectives for communication and computation protocols exploiting high-dimensional quantum states, as well as for the quantum simulation of fermionic problems with photons on an integrated platform.
The investigation of integrated frequency comb sources characterized by equidistant spectral modes was initially driven by considerations toward classical applications, seeking a more practical and miniaturized way to generate stable broadband sources of light. Recently, in the context of scaling the complexity of optical quantum circuits, these on-chip approaches have provided a new framework to address the challenges associated with non-classical state generation and manipulation. For example, multi-photon and high-dimensional states were to date either inaccessible, lacked scalability, or were difficult to manipulate, requiring elaborate approaches. The emerging field of quantum frequency combs studying spectral multimode sources based on the judicious excitation of (typically) third-order nonlinear optical micro-cavities has begun to address these issues. Several quantum sources based on this concept have already been demonstrated, among them are combs of correlated photons, cross-polarized photon pairs, entangled photon pairs, multi-photon states, and high-dimensional entangled states. While sources have achieved increasing complexity, so have coherent state processing operations, demonstrated in a practical manner using standard telecommunications components. Here, we review our recent work in the development of this framework, with a focus on multi-photon and high-dimensional states. The integrated frequency comb platform thus demonstrates significant potential for the development of meaningful quantum optical technologies.
We present a method for the generation and coherent manipulation of pulsed quantum frequency combs. Until now, methods of preparing high-dimensional states on-chip in a practical way have remained elusive due to the increasing complexity of the quantum circuitry needed to prepare and process such states. Here, we outline how high-dimensional, frequency-bin entangled, two-photon states can be generated at a stable, high generation rate by using a nested-cavity, actively mode-locked excitation of a nonlinear micro-cavity. This technique is used to produce pulsed quantum frequency combs. Moreover, we present how the quantum states can be coherently manipulated using standard telecommunications components such as programmable filters and electro-optic modulators. In particular, we show in detail how to accomplish state characterization measurements such as density matrix reconstruction, coincidence detection, and single photon spectrum determination. The presented methods form an accessible, reconfigurable, and scalable foundation for complex high-dimensional state preparation and manipulation protocols in the frequency domain.
The development of technologies for quantum information (QI) science demands the realization. and precise control of complex (multipartite and high dimensional) entangled systems on practical and scalable platforms. Quantum frequency combs (QFCs) represent a powerful tool towards this goal. They enable the generation of complex photon states within a single spatial mode as well as their manipulation using standard fiber-based telecommunication components. Here, we review recent progress in the development of QFCs, with a focus on results that highlight their importance for the realization of complex quantum states. In particular, we outline recent work on the use of integrated QFCs for the generation of high-dimensional multipartite optical cluster states – lying at the basis of measurement-based quantum computation. These results confirm that the QFC approach can provide a stable, practical, low-cost, and established platform for the development of quantum technologies, paving the way towards the advancement of QI science for out-of-the-lab applications, ranging from practical quantum computing to more secure communications.