Gas of anyons on a lattice in the low-density limit

A. A. Belov, S. Ya. Zhitomirskaya, Yu. E. Lozovik +2 more

Eduardo Fradkin

I consider a gas of ``free'' anyons with statistical parameter \ensuremath{\delta}, with hard cores, on a two-dimensional square lattice. Using a recently derived Jordan-Wigner transformation, I map this problem onto a gas of fermions on the same lattice coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge theory with coupling \ensuremath{\theta}=1/2\ensuremath{\delta}. At the semiclassical level, the system is found to be equivalent to a gas of fermions, with the same density, in an average effective magnetic field \ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\theta}. I consider the case in which an integer number of the Landau bands of the saddle-point problem are completely filled. If \ensuremath{\delta}=\ensuremath{\pi}/m and the density \ensuremath{\rho}=r/q, with m, r, and q integers, the system is a superfluid, provided that q is larger than twice the largest common factor of m and r. If q is even and the system is half filled, the state may be either a superfluid or a quantum Hall phase. For all other values of \ensuremath{\rho} and \ensuremath{\delta}, compatible with integer filling of the Landau bands, the system is in a quantum Hall phase. The dynamical stability of the superfluid state is ensured by the topological invariance of the quantized Hall conductance of the fermion problem. I find a close analogy between anyon superconductivity and the Schwinger mechanism. The effective Lagrangian for the low-energy modes coupled to the electromagnetic field is derived. The energies of fermion and flux states are logarithmically divergent, but finite for the anyon state. The system has flux quantization, a zero-temperature Hall effect with a quantized Hall conductance, Meissner effect, charged vortices, screening with induced magnetic fields for static charges, and different masses for the longitudinal and transverse components of the electromagnetic field.

Alain Comtet, John McCabe, Stéphane Ouvry

Fu‐Chun Zhang, Michael R. Norman

We study a tight-binding model for anyons on a square lattice using a self-consistent mean-field theory, where the anyon gauge field is approximated by its expectation value. For any anyon density per site ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$=p/q and statistics \ensuremath{\nu}=1-1/n, the anyon system has a linear collective mode if and only if q is greater than twice the largest common factor of p and n. The collective mode dispersion, \ensuremath{\omega}(k), is calculated numerically for n=1 (hard-core bosons) and n=2 (semions) at certain densities.

Yasuhiro Hatsugai, Mahito Kohmoto, Yong-Shi Wu

A. Privitera, Massimo Capone, Claudio Castellani

We investigate the approach to the universal regime of the dilute unitary Fermi gas as the density is reduced to zero in a lattice model. To this end we study the chemical potential, superfluid order parameter and internal energy of the attractive Hubbard model in three different lattices with densities of states (DOSs) which share the same low-energy behavior of fermions in three-dimensional free space: a cubic lattice, a ``Bethe lattice'' with a semicircular DOS, and a ``lattice gas'' with parabolic dispersion and a sharp energy cutoff that ensures the normalization of the DOS. The model is solved using dynamical mean-field theory, that treats directly the thermodynamic limit and arbitrarily low densities, eliminating finite-size effects. At densities on the order of one fermion per site the lattice and its specific form dominate the results. The evolution to the low-density limit is smooth and it does not allow to define an unambiguous low-density regime. Such finite-density effects are significantly reduced using the lattice gas, and they are maximal for the three-dimensional cubic lattice. Even though dynamical mean-field theory is bound to reduce to the more standard static mean field in the limit of zero density due to the local nature of the self-energy and of the vertex functions, it compares well with accurate Monte Carlo simulations down to the lowest densities accessible to the latter.