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IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems (COMCAS)

Quantum Noise Radar: Assessing Quantum Correlations

Dmitri S. Mogilevtsev, I. A. Peshko, Ilya Karuseichyk, Alexander B. Mikhalychev, Alexander P. Nizovtsev, Gregory Ya. Slepyan, Amir Boag

Published Nov 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We suggest overcoming the "Rayleigh catastrophe" and reaching superresolution for imaging with both spatially and temporally-correlated field of a superradiant quantum antenna. Considering far-field radiation of two interacting spontaneously emitting two-level systems, we show that for the measurement of the temporally-delayed second-order correlation function of the scattered field, the Fisher information does not tend to zero with diminishing the distance between a pair of scatterers even for non-sharp time-averaged detection. For position estimation of a larger number of scatterers, measurement of the time-delayed function is able to provide a considerable accuracy gain over the zero-delayed function. We show also that the superresolution with the considered quantum antenna can be achieved for both near-field imaging and estimating parameters of the antenna.

DOI
10.1109/comcas44984.2019.8958223

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We suggest overcoming the "Rayleigh catastrophe" and reaching superresolution for imaging with both spatially and temporally-correlated field of a superradiant quantum antenna. Considering far-field radiation of two interacting spontaneously emitting two-level systems, we show that for the measurement of the temporally-delayed second-order correlation function of the scattered field, the Fisher information does not tend to zero with diminishing the distance between a pair of scatterers even for non-sharp time-averaged detection. For position estimation of a larger number of scatterers, measurement of the time-delayed function is able to provide a considerable accuracy gain over the zero-delayed function. We show also that the superresolution with the considered quantum antenna can be achieved for both near-field imaging and estimating parameters of the antenna.
We suggest overcoming the "Rayleigh catastrophe" and reaching superresolution for imaging with both spatially and temporally correlated field of a superradiant quantum antenna. Considering far-field radiation of two interacting spontaneously emitting two-level systems, we show that for the measurement of the temporally delayed second-order correlation function of the scattered field, the Fisher information does not tend to zero with diminishing the distance between a pair of scatterers even for non-sharp time-averaged detection. For position estimation of more scatterers, the measurement of the time-delayed function is able to provide a considerable accuracy gain over the zero-delayed function. We also show that the superresolution with the considered quantum antenna can be achieved for both near-field imaging and for estimating the antenna parameters.
Measuring simultaneous correlations of intensity fluctuations, one can exploit photon correlations of the imaging source and improve resolution in comparison with the intensity detection. However, in this case also information loss unavoidable for intensity detection eventually leads to the phenomenon known as “the Rayleigh catastrophe”. When the details of the imaged object become much smaller than the certain value defined by the wavelength of the imaging field and parameters of the imaging set-up, the information about any individual detail tends to zero making practically unfeasible inferring object parameters from the measured correlation functions.
Quantum superresolution promises to resolve closely spaced sources beyond the diffraction limit, but existing approaches generally rely on idealized source properties or require simultaneous estimation of multiple coupled parameters of realistic sources. Here we introduce a parameter-decoupled measurement that determines the separation of realistic passive sources without estimating their unknown brightness imbalance, mutual coherence, or relative phase. A complete four-parameter quantum Fisher information analysis identifies the separation information that remains accessible in the presence of these nuisance parameters. We then construct a directly measurable log-probability invariant from projection channels whose conditional statistics depend only on the separation. Broad classes of channel pairs satisfy the resulting decoupling condition. For a Gaussian point-spread function, the lowest-order implementation asymptotically attains the four-parameter quantum limit per incident signal in the sub-Rayleigh regime. This approach converts a realistic multiparameter imaging problem into an operationally single-parameter measurement, providing a practical route toward quantum-enhanced resolution of passive spatial, temporal, and spectral signals.
For more than a century, the diffraction limit has defined the resolution achievable by passive optical imaging systems. Although some resolution improvement can be gained through classical data processing of the image, it is limited by the noise arising from quantum nature of light. Minimizing the effect of this noise requires quantum treatment of optical imaging. By reformulating imaging as a problem of quantum measurement and estimation, it becomes possible to identify optimal detection strategies that recover spatial information previously thought inaccessible. This review summarizes the theoretical framework that underpins this development, from the formulation of quantum Cramer-Rao bounds and Chernoff bounds to the construction of receivers that attain them, such as those based on spatial-mode demultiplexing. We show how these methods can beat conventional imaging in the classification, localization, and imaging of sub-Rayleigh incoherent sources. We then discuss extensions to multiparameter and partially coherent scenarios, and highlight the unifying connections between estimation and discrimination tasks. Finally, we survey recent experimental demonstrations that approach quantum-limited resolution and outline emerging applications in microscopy, astronomy, and optical sensing.
Rayleigh's criterion for resolving two incoherent point sources has been the most influential measure of optical imaging resolution for over a century.In the context of statistical image processing, violation of the criterion is especially detrimental to the estimation of the separation between the sources, and modern far-field superresolution techniques rely on suppressing the emission of close sources to enhance the localization precision.Using quantum optics, quantum metrology, and statistical analysis, here we show that, even if two close incoherent sources emit simultaneously, measurements with linear optics and photon counting can estimate their separation from the far field almost as precisely as conventional methods do for isolated sources, rendering Rayleigh's criterion irrelevant to the problem.Our results demonstrate that superresolution can be achieved not only for fluorophores but also for stars.