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Journal of Physics Conference Series

New Secret Key Agreement Scheme over Relay Communication Channel

Lijuan Xing, Feng Pan, Xueqin Jiang, Kaizhi Peng, Miaowen Wen

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The novel advantage distillation (AD) scheme for secret key agreement (SKA) scheme over relay communication system for the wiretap channel model is proposed. For the case where there are noiseless both the main channel and the eavesdropper’s channel, the SKA scheme for the noiseless relay communication (SKA-NRC) system is proposed. In this scheme, random sequences qA and qB are used as artificial interference to prevent eavesdropping. Simulation results show that with the proposed SKA schemes, the bit error ratio (BER) of eavesdropper Eve maintains stably at 0.5, while legitimate users Alice and Bob are able to get much lower BERs.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1438/1/012007

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Abstract The novel advantage distillation (AD) scheme for secret key agreement (SKA) scheme over relay communication system for the wiretap channel model is proposed. For the case where there are noiseless both the main channel and the eavesdropper’s channel, the SKA scheme for the noiseless relay communication (SKA-NRC) system is proposed. In this scheme, random sequences qA and qB are used as artificial interference to prevent eavesdropping. Simulation results show that with the proposed SKA schemes, the bit error ratio (BER) of eavesdropper Eve maintains stably at 0.5, while legitimate users Alice and Bob are able to get much lower BERs.
The classical secret-key agreement (SKA) scheme includes three phases: (a) advantage distillation (AD), (b) reconciliation, and (c) privacy amplification. Define the transmission rate as the ratio between the number of raw key bits obtained by the AD phase and the number of transmitted bits in the AD. The unidirectional SKA, whose transmission rate is 0 . 5, can be realized by using the original two-way wiretap channel as the AD phase. In this paper, we establish an efficient bidirectional SKA whose transmission rate is nearly 1 by modifying the two-way wiretap channel and using the modified two-way wiretap channel as the AD phase. The bidirectional SKA can be extended to multiple rounds of SKA with the same performance and transmission rate. For multiple rounds of bidirectional SKA, we have provided the bit error rate performance of the main channel and eavesdropper’s channel and the secret-key capacity. It is shown that the bit error rate (BER) of the main channel was lower than the eavesdropper’s channel and we prove that the transmission rate was nearly 1 when the number of rounds was large. Moreover, the secret-key capacity C s was from 0 . 04 to 0 . 1 as the error probability of channel was from 0 . 01 to 0 . 15 in binary symmetric channel (BSC). The secret-key capacity was close to 0 . 3 as the signal-to-noise ratio increased in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
In this paper we propose novel advantage distillation and reconciliation approaches for secret key agreement (SKA) over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) (possibly fading) channels, using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) constellations. For advantage distillation Bob selects bits having an absolute log-likelihood ratio (LLR) larger than some threshold. For reconciliation, Alice transmits the syndrome of the selected bits with respect to a globally pre-shared forward error correcting (FEC) code. We show that the syndrome transmission does not diminish the advantage of Bob over Eve on the key knowledge, thus being an efficient solution. For the proposed scheme we derive both a lower bound on the achievable secret key rate with ideal wiretap coding, and the effective throughput achieved by using practical codes.
We consider a physical layer-based secret-key-agreement (SKA) scenario where Alice and Bob aim at extracting a common bit sequence, which should remain secret to Eve, by quantizing a random number obtained from measurements of their communication channel. We propose an asymmetric advantage distillation protocol where i) Alice quantizes her measurement and sends partial information on it over an authenticated public side channel, and ii) Bob (and Eve) quantizes his measurement by exploiting the partial information. The partial information on the position of the measurement in the quantization interval allows Bob to obtain a quantized value closer to that of Alice. Such strategies are shown to increase the lower bound of the secret key rate.
We consider secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics in two-way relaying system where two legitimate parties named Alice and Bob communicate with each other via a relay. In this system, Alice and Bob share secret keys generated from their radio propagation characteristics by the help of the relay. In this paper, we present two secret key agreement schemes: an amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme and a multiple-access amplify-and-forward (MA-AF) scheme. In both of the schemes, the basic idea is to share the effective fading coefficient between Alice and Bob and use it as the source of secret keys. The AF scheme is based on a conventional amplify-and-forward two-way relaying method, while the MA-AF scheme utilizes the inherent combining of signals provided by simultaneous transmissions over a multiple-access channel in order to share the secret keys more securely efficiently. We analyze eavesdropping strategy in terms of eavesdropper's location and show that if the eavesdropper is located near the relay and can receive signals from the relay without multipath fading and noise, the AF scheme is not secure. Simulation results show that the MA-AF scheme is more secure and efficient than the AF scheme.
We consider secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics in a two-way relaying system where two legitimate parties named Alice and Bob communicate with each other via a trusted relay. In this system, Alice and Bob share secret keys generated from measured radio propagation characteristics with the help of the relay in the presence of an eavesdropper. We present four secret key agreement schemes: an amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme, a signal-combining amplify-and-forward (SC-AF) scheme, a multiple-access amplify-and-forward (MA-AF) scheme, and an amplify-and-forward with artificial noise (AF with AN) scheme. In these schemes, the basic idea is to share the effective fading coefficients between Alice and Bob and use them as the source of the secret keys. The AF scheme is based on a conventional amplify-and-forward two-way relaying method, whereas in the SC-AF scheme and the MA-AF scheme, we apply the idea of physical-layer network coding to the secret key agreement. In the AF with AN scheme, the relay transmits artificially generated noise, as well as channel information signal, in order to conceal the latter. Simulation results show that the MA-AF scheme outperforms the other schemes in Rayleigh fading channels, whereas the AF with AN scheme is suitable for Rician fading channels.
Underwater networks have become an important topic of research due to their potential impact on several military and civil applications. To secure these communications, many protocols require the users to have symmetric secret keys. To distribute the keys, we can resort to physical layer key generation schemes, where the keys are generated by each user from the channel itself, by exploiting the environment as a source of randomness. We focus on the advantage distillation step of the secret key agreement (SKA) procedure, where the users extract the bit sequence from the channel observations. We propose an adversarial autoencoder (AAE) model for advantage distillation, which has multiple tasks: it enhances the reciprocity between legitimated channel features, decreases the reciprocity to the attacker channel features, and provides uniformly distributed bit sequences. The proposed approach is adaptive and directly derived from the training dataset, thus it does not require the a priori knowledge of the channel statistics. The solution is tested using channel observations collected from a sea experiment and compared to existing advantage distillation solutions, showing a significant improvement over the state of the art.