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International Conference on Communication and Network Security (ICCNS)

Effective Scrambling Scheme for Physical Layer Security

Enjian Bai, Fangyuan Qin, Sijing Chen

Published Nov 15, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Scrambling is a practical scheme in the physical layer to increase the information security of wireless communication systems. However, the complexity of the conventional scrambling scheme O(n2)affects its practical application for long information size, where n is the information size. In this paper, we propose an effective scrambling scheme for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) wiretap channel and investigate how the complexity and security gap can be reduced by our scheme. We compare our proposed scrambling scheme with the conventional random scrambling scheme and the results show that our scheme achieves a smaller security gap. Moreover, we demonstrate that by introducing proposed scrambling scheme can achieve lower complexity compared with the random scrambling scheme.

DOI
10.1145/3371676.3371689

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Scrambling is a practical scheme in the physical layer to increase the information security of wireless communication systems. However, the complexity of the conventional scrambling scheme O(n2)affects its practical application for long information size, where n is the information size. In this paper, we propose an effective scrambling scheme for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) wiretap channel and investigate how the complexity and security gap can be reduced by our scheme. We compare our proposed scrambling scheme with the conventional random scrambling scheme and the results show that our scheme achieves a smaller security gap. Moreover, we demonstrate that by introducing proposed scrambling scheme can achieve lower complexity compared with the random scrambling scheme.
Using the error rate as a metric is useful for assessing the performance of actual transmission schemes from the physical layer security viewpoint. The security gap concept has been used over the additive white Gaussian noise channel as a practical measure for combined reliability and security. In this paper, the definition of security gap is extended to a wire-tap channel with fast fading. Our aim is to show that by introducing scrambling and error correction coding can significantly reduce the required quality difference between the channel of the authorized user and that of the unauthorized one.
This paper examines the use of nonsystematic channel codes to obtain secure transmissions over the additive white Gaussian noise wire-tap channel. Unlike the previous approaches, we propose to implement nonsystematic coded transmission by scrambling the information bits, and characterize the bit error rate of scrambled transmissions through theoretical arguments and numerical simulations. We have focused on some examples of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem and low-density parity-check codes to estimate the security gap, which we have used as a measure of physical layer security, in addition to the bit error rate. Based on a number of numerical examples, we found that such a transmission technique can outperform alternative solutions. In fact, when an eavesdropper (Eve) has a worse channel than the authorized user (Bob), the security gap required to reach a given level of security is very small. The amount of degradation of Eve's channel with respect to Bob's that is needed to achieve sufficient security can be further reduced by implementing scrambling and descrambling operations on blocks of frames, rather than on single frames. While Eve's channel has a quality equal to or better than that of Bob's channel, we have shown that the use of a hybrid automatic repeat-request protocol with authentication still allows achieving a sufficient level of security. Finally, the secrecy performance of some practical schemes has also been measured in terms of the equivocation rate about the message at the eavesdropper and compared with that of ideal codes.
The spatial scrambling based secure wireless transmission methods, such as artificial noise and antenna array weighted randomly, can secure wireless transmission at the physical layer. They have a common physical essence, that is, the private message is transmitted in the desired direction while deliberate interference is transmitted in other orthogonal directions. Unfortunately, the interference is not white in spatial domain due to the limitation of the transmit antenna number. A eavesdropper can eliminate the directional interferences by the aid of multiple antennas. In this paper, a unified mathematical model for the above physical-layer methods is established, based on which, a MUSIC-like wiretap algorithm is proposed by exploiting the finite alphabet property of communication symbols. Simulation results show that if the eavesdropper has more antennas than that of the transmitter, the proposed algorithm can intercept information effectively.
A dramatic increase in the number of devices that are connected to the wireless networks has seen many challenging issues.One of them is the security problem.Enhancement in physical layer security has shown promising results to improve these security issues in the existing wireless networks.This paper proposes a transmission technique based on scrambled Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem code with feedback to improve the physical layer security in wireless communication system.The security of the transmission system over a wiretap channel is investigated.Scrambling matrix is applied to the code word and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol is used.In this paper, the security gap is used as a performance metric to measure the difference between the authorized and unauthorized channel.We find that the proposed technique results in smaller security gap compared to the conventional techniques.
In this paper, we provide a tight estimation of the security gap for the wiretap channel with fast Rayleigh fading. The error rate has already been used as a practical physical layer security metric, and the security gap has been defined to exploit such a metric over the wiretap channel with additive white Gaussian noise. We study two different approaches for estimating the security gap also over a fast fading wiretap channel. The first approach is quite conservative, and tends to overestimate the security gap. The second approach instead allows to perform a more realistic evaluation, and to highlight the gain achievable through information scrambling and coding, even when both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper channels are known only in statistical terms.
Due to the limited reciprocity of wireless channel, most existing physical-layer security method based on channel characteristics is implemented by repeatedly interacting to generate consistent keys, which resulting in large overhead. This paper proposes a secure transmission scheme based on equivalent channel which is built by random scrambling codes generated from channel characteristics. To improve efficiency and reliability, the legitimate senders scramble the encoded signal and the receivers mitigate the non-reciprocal effect by channel decoding, rather than interacting information to obtain consistent scrambling codes. The channel capacity and security capacity of the scheme are analyzed and simulated in Rayleigh channel model. The results show that the difference of channel characteristics significantly degrade the eavesdropper's receiving performance, so that the received signal cannot be decoded correctly.