Quantum Mechanics of Particles and Wave Fields

Boris N. Chichkov

The quantum theory of relativistic particles, based on the first quantization technique similar to that used by Schroedinger and Dirac in formulating quantum mechanics, is reconsidered on the basis of a photon-like dispersion relation corresponding to the energy conservation equation of Einstein's special relativity. First, scalar quantum mechanics of particles operating with their wave functions is discussed. Using the first quantization of the photon-like dispersion relation, very simple new derivation of the Dirac equation is given. Then, vector field quantum mechanics is introduced, which defines vector fields associated with the relativistic particle. Basic equations for the vector-field quantum mechanics, similar to the source-free Maxwell equations, are derived. Following these equations, the particle's de Broglie wave can be considered as the transversal electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the wave-particle duality can be redefined as the electromagnetic wave-particle duality. Relationships between the scalar and vector field quantum mechanics are analyzed.

George Frederick James Temple

James Arneberg

I propose a local, realist interpretation of quantum mechanics based on a physical scalar wave field in ordinary three-dimensional space. Each fundamental particle (electron, photon, proton, etc.) possesses its own wave field. The field is fundamental — it is not emitted by the particle, nor does it draw energy from the particle’s motion. The particle is guided by the phase gradient of its own wave via a Bohmian guidance law. The wave evolves according to a linear Klein-Gordon equation. For a single particle this reproduces the full empirical success of quantum mechanics, including the hydrogen spectrum and the double-slit interference pattern. For multiple particles, each particle retains its own local 3D wave; no configuration space is needed. Entanglement is rejected as a fundamental physical phenomenon: the correlations observed in Bell-type experiments are interpreted as ordinary statistical correlations arising from common past interactions, not as evidence of non-locality or of a non-separable quantum state. The quantum mechanical wave function in configuration space is regarded as a mathematical tool, not a physical field. The theory is local, realist, and fully three-dimensional.

Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis

In contemporary physics a current Quantum Mechanics (QM) theory holds that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa. However, the meaning or interpretation of this statement has not been satisfactorily resolved yet. According to the multispace conception [1] the force field and space are synonyms. Each particle has several force fields: electric, magnetic, gravity. Therefore the particle can be simultaneously in several spaces. So a photon in its own electric and magnetic spaces is a particle, but in the gravity space the photon is a wave. This phenomenon is intrinsic wave-particle duality. The scattering and collisions of fermions (electrons) can form a picture of distribution similar to wave interference. It is apparent wave-particle duality because fermions remain as lumps.