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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Analysis of the charge state of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond driven by an infrared laser field

Maksim A. Smirnov, И. В. Федотов, S. A. Moiseev, Aleksei M. Zheltikov

Published Dec 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The methods of controlling the charge state of nitrogen–vacancy centers using pulsed infrared laser field are studied. The effect of radiation intensity at a wavelength of about 1 μm on the ionization of these color centers was shown. The obtained results can be useful for multiphoton microscopy of biological objects, high-resolution microscopy and sensory applications.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1410/1/012143

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The methods of controlling the charge state of nitrogen–vacancy centers using pulsed infrared laser field are studied. The effect of radiation intensity at a wavelength of about 1 μm on the ionization of these color centers was shown. The obtained results can be useful for multiphoton microscopy of biological objects, high-resolution microscopy and sensory applications.
The effect of laser radiation with a wavelength near 1.55 µm on the photoluminescence properties of “nitrogen-vacancy” (NV) color centers in diamond has been studied experimentally. The effect of radiation of an infrared laser on the charge state of color centers redistributes the spectral intensity of photoluminescence in the ensemble of NV centers. In the case of neutral NV centers, the quenching of photoluminescence reaching about 60% has been observed. A feature of the laser excitation of NV centers by this method is the absence of competition with stimulated emission and two-photon excitation, which is observed with an increase in the power of infrared radiation at other wavelengths.
Diamond nanocrystals containing nitrogen–vacancy (NV) color centers have been used in recent years as fluorescent probes for near-field and cellular imaging. In this work, we report that an infrared (IR) pulsed excitation beam can quench the photoluminescence of a NV color center in a diamond nanocrystal (size <50 nm) with an extinction ratio as high as ≈90%. We attribute this effect to the heating of the nanocrystal consecutive to multi-photon absorption by the diamond matrix. This quenching is reversible: the photoluminescence intensity goes back to its original value when the IR laser beam is turned off, with a typical response time of 100 ps, allowing for fast control of NV color center photoluminescence. We used this effect to achieve the sub-diffraction-limited imaging of fluorescent diamond nanocrystals on a coverglass. For that, as in the ground state depletion super-resolution technique, we combined the green excitation laser beam with the control IR depleting one after shaping its intensity profile in a doughnut form, so that the emission comes only from the sub-wavelength size central part.
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been widely used for quantum information processing, nanophotonics, and biological imaging. In this work, we experimentally studied the charge-state conversion and stimulated emission of the NV center with a near-infrared (NIR) pumping laser. The competition between these two processes resulted in a nonmonotonic dependence of the NV center’s fluorescence intensity on the NIR laser power. Fluorescence enhancement was observed with a weak NIR laser, while fluorescence depletion was observed with a high-power NIR laser. It led to the nonmonotonic change of the spatial resolution with stimulated emission depletion microscopy, which has been used for subdiffraction imaging of the NV center. Our work can help to further understand the optical mechanism and extend the applications of the NV center.
The conversion between two nitrogen vacancy (NV) center charge states (NV0 and NV−) was experimentally studied with laser in the range from 378 to 492 nm. The wavelength and power dependent charge state conversion was proved to be single-photon process at short wavelength and two-photon process at long wavelength. Also, the presence of metastable state in NV− significantly affected the conversion process, which can be used to increase NV− population from 72.5% to 80.5% by applying a magnetic field under 532 nm excitation. The method can be used for improving the fidelity of charge state polarization and subsequently optimizing the quantum control with NV center and resolution in the magnetometric and biological sensoring.
Charge-state conversion has been a very useful tool for improving the performance of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond in many application scenarios. Lasers of different colors are employed to manipulate the NV charge, ranging from blue to infrared. Here, we focus on the study of the charge-state dynamics under illumination of multicolors and their combination with infrared (IR) light, and the results are directly presented in terms of charge-state population. It is shown that each color of light serves some kind of superiority over others in charge-state conversion and a greatly improved conversion rate can be induced by the additional IR illumination. We report that the steady-state ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ population is increased up to 82% by IR light, and it presents basically the same response trend to infrared power as that of fluorescence counts. We also report a fast-oscillating fluorescence time trace by modulating the IR power. We believe that our work offers some straightforward results that might be of interest to researchers and lead to a clearer understanding of the NV charge-state dynamics.
As a potential candidate for quantum computation and metrology, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond presents both challenges and opportunities resulting from charge-state conversion. By utilizing different lasers for the photon-induced charge-state conversion, we achieved subdiffraction charge-state manipulation. The charge-state depletion (CSD) microscopy resolution was improved to 4.1 nm by optimizing the laser pulse sequences. Subsequently, the electron spin-state dynamics of adjacent NV centers were selectively detected via the CSD. The experimental results demonstrated that the CSD can improve the spatial resolution of the measurement of NV centers for nanoscale sensing and quantum information. The nitrogen vacancy (NV) in diamond is useful for quantum optics and spintronics due to the long coherence time of its electron spin state. Scientists in China have now used the techniques of super-resolution microscopy to optically control the charge state of an NV defect with a subdiffraction spatial resolution of 4.1 nm. Xiangdong Chen and co-workers from the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei used a green (532 nm) laser beam to switch the charge state of the defect between NV0 and NV–. They achieved this manipulation on a subdiffraction scale by using specially shaped doughnut laser beams, in common with the principles of super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy. This achievement represents a significant step towards nanoscale sensing and quantum information processing.