The physical properties of a homogeneous system at the thermodynamic equilibrium are strongly constrained by its dimensionality. In this respect, the two dimensional Bose gas constitutes a particularly interesting system: while it is impossible to observe a long range order at non-zero temperatures, there exists nevertheless a phase transition to a superfluid state at low temperatures. Furthermore, owing to the reduced dimensionality, the equation of state of the weakly interacting two-dimensional Bose gas is scale invariant. In this thesis, we present an experimental study of the two-dimensional Bose gas. We measure its equation of state with two different methods, and find a good agreement with analytic and numerical predictions. These results confirm as well the scale invariance of the system. Furthermore, one of the methods allows for a determination of the equation of state with a single adjustable parameter. We then characterize the superfluid response of the system., by showing evidence for a dissipationless response of the system to a moving perturbation. Finally, we analyze the fluctuations dynamics of the 2D Bose gas, which confirms both the suppression of density fluctuations in the superfluid phase, and the dominating contribution of phonons to the phase fluctuations.The physical properties of a homogeneous system at the thermodynamic equilibrium are strongly constrained by its dimensionality. In this respect, the two dimensional Bose gas constitutes a particularly interesting system: while it is impossible to observe a long range order at non-zero temperatures, there exists nevertheless a phase transition to a superfluid state at low temperatures. Furthermore, owing to the reduced dimensionality, the equation of state of the weakly interacting two-dimensional Bose gas is scale invariant. In this thesis, we present an experimental study of the two-dimensional Bose gas. We measure its equation of state with two different methods, and find a good agreement with analytic and numerical predictions. These results confirm as well the scale invariance of the system. Furthermore, one of the methods allows for a determination of the equation of state with a single adjustable parameter. We then characterize the superfluid response of the system., by showing evidence for a dissipationless response of the system to a moving perturbation. Finally, we analyze the fluctuations dynamics of the 2D Bose gas, which confirms both the suppression of density fluctuations in the superfluid phase, and the dominating contribution of phonons to the phase fluctuations.

Jan 1, 20130 citations

Quantum XY criticality in a two-dimensional Bose gas near the Mott transition

Adam Rançon, N. Dupuis

We derive the equation of state of a two-dimensional Bose gas in an optical lattice in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. We focus on the vicinity of the multicritical points where the quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and the superfluid phase occurs at fixed density and belongs to the three-dimensional XY model universality class. Using a nonperturbative renormalization-group approach, we compute the pressure $P(μ,T)$ as a function of chemical potential and temperature. Our results compare favorably with a calculation based on the quantum O(2) model -- we find the same universal scaling function -- and allow us to determine the region of the phase diagram in the vicinity of a quantum multicritical point where the equation of state is universal. We also discuss the possible experimental observation of quantum XY criticality in a ultracold gas in an optical lattice.We derive the equation of state of a two-dimensional Bose gas in an optical lattice in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. We focus on the vicinity of the multicritical points where the quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and the superfluid phase occurs at fixed density and belongs to the three-dimensional XY model universality class. Using a nonperturbative renormalization-group approach, we compute the pressure $P(μ,T)$ as a function of chemical potential and temperature. Our results compare favorably with a calculation based on the quantum O(2) model -- we find the same universal scaling function -- and allow us to determine the region of the phase diagram in the vicinity of a quantum multicritical point where the equation of state is universal. We also discuss the possible experimental observation of quantum XY criticality in a ultracold gas in an optical lattice.

arXiv:1307.3436Europhysics Letters (EPL)Oct 1, 201315 citations

Equations of State of Strongly Interacting Two-dimensional Bose Gases

Li-Chung Ha, Chen-Lung Hung, Xibo Zhang +4 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 5, 20130 citations

Superfluid behavior of a 2D Bose gas

J. Beugnon

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 5, 20130 citations

Cohérence et superfluidité des gaz de Bose en dimension réduite: des pièges harmoniques aux fluides uniformes

Lauriane Chomaz

The dimensionality of a system strongly affects its physical properties; the phase transitions that take place and the type of order that arises depend on the dimension. In low dimensional systems phase coherence proves more difficult to achieve as both thermal and quantum fluctuations play a stronger role. The two-dimensional Bose fluid is of particular interest as even if full order is precluded, a residual "quasi-long" range order arises at low temperatures. Then two ingredients have a significant effect on the state of the system: (i) the finite size of a real system enables one to recover of a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle state; (ii) the interactions between particles lead to the emergence of a non-conventional type of phase transition toward a superfluid state.In this thesis, we present an experimental study of the two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas using two different energy landscapes to trap our atoms. In the first part, we use the spatial dependence of some local properties of an inhomogeneous gas to characterize the state of the equivalent homogeneous system. We extract its equation of state with a high accuracy from the gas density profiles and test its superfluid behavior by measuring the heating induced by a moving local perturbation. In the second part, we observe and characterize the emergence of an extended phase coherence in a 2D homogeneous gas in particular via a 3D-to-2D dimensional crossover. We investigate the dynamical establishment of the coherence via a rapid crossing of the dimensional crossover and observe topological defects in the final superfluid state. We compare our findings with the predictions for the Kibble–Zurek mechanism.The dimensionality of a system strongly affects its physical properties; the phase transitions that take place and the type of order that arises depend on the dimension. In low dimensional systems phase coherence proves more difficult to achieve as both thermal and quantum fluctuations play a stronger role. The two-dimensional Bose fluid is of particular interest as even if full order is precluded, a residual "quasi-long" range order arises at low temperatures. Then two ingredients have a significant effect on the state of the system: (i) the finite size of a real system enables one to recover of a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle state; (ii) the interactions between particles lead to the emergence of a non-conventional type of phase transition toward a superfluid state.In this thesis, we present an experimental study of the two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas using two different energy landscapes to trap our atoms. In the first part, we use the spatial dependence of some local properties of an inhomogeneous gas to characterize the state of the equivalent homogeneous system. We extract its equation of state with a high accuracy from the gas density profiles and test its superfluid behavior by measuring the heating induced by a moving local perturbation. In the second part, we observe and characterize the emergence of an extended phase coherence in a 2D homogeneous gas in particular via a 3D-to-2D dimensional crossover. We investigate the dynamical establishment of the coherence via a rapid crossing of the dimensional crossover and observe topological defects in the final superfluid state. We compare our findings with the predictions for the Kibble–Zurek mechanism.

Nov 10, 20140 citations

P(μ,T)

as a function of chemical potential and temperature. Our results compare favorably with a calculation based on the quantum O(2) model -- we find the same universal scaling function -- and allow us to determine the region of the phase diagram in the vicinity of a quantum multicritical point where the equation of state is universal. We also discuss the possible experimental observation of quantum XY criticality in a ultracold gas in an optical lattice.