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IEEE Transactions on Communications

Secrecy-Enhancing Design for Cooperative Downlink and Uplink NOMA With an Untrusted Relay

Lu Lv, Hai Jiang, Zhiguo Ding, Long Xiang Yang, Jian Chen

Published Dec 17, 2019• 101 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate a secrecy-enhancing design for cooperative downlink and uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmissions with an untrusted relay. A source uses the NOMA principle to have downlink and uplink transmissions with a near user and a far user, and the communications between the source and the far user are aided by an untrusted relay. To minimize information leakage at the untrusted relay and achieve secure NOMA communications, adaptive downlink and uplink cooperative jamming schemes are proposed, where the far user in downlink and the near user in uplink adaptively emit a jamming signal to the untrusted relay to impair its eavesdropping capability. Both downlink and uplink jamming power are optimized to fully exploit the benefits of the proposed schemes for security enhancement. Then, for each scheme, we quantify the secrecy performance by deriving the ergodic secrecy sum rate lower bound and its scaling law. Finally, computer simulation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive downlink and uplink cooperative jamming schemes and verify the accuracy of the derived analytical results.

DOI
10.1109/tcomm.2019.2960345

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We investigate a secrecy-enhancing design for cooperative downlink and uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmissions with an untrusted relay. A source uses the NOMA principle to have downlink and uplink transmissions with a near user and a far user, and the communications between the source and the far user are aided by an untrusted relay. To minimize information leakage at the untrusted relay and achieve secure NOMA communications, adaptive downlink and uplink cooperative jamming schemes are proposed, where the far user in downlink and the near user in uplink adaptively emit a jamming signal to the untrusted relay to impair its eavesdropping capability. Both downlink and uplink jamming power are optimized to fully exploit the benefits of the proposed schemes for security enhancement. Then, for each scheme, we quantify the secrecy performance by deriving the ergodic secrecy sum rate lower bound and its scaling law. Finally, computer simulation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive downlink and uplink cooperative jamming schemes and verify the accuracy of the derived analytical results.
We study secure communications with an untrusted relay for a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, where a base station (BS) serves a near user (NU) and a far user (FU) by the NOMA principle, and transmission between BS and FU is aided by an untrusted relay. We propose an adaptive jamming scheme to enhance transmission security, in which FU is asked to adaptively emit a jamming signal to confuse the untrusted relay. The transmission rate for jamming is designed to ensure that only NU can decode the jamming signal correctly, and the jamming power is optimized for maximizing the secrecy sum rate. We analyze the security performance of the proposed scheme and derive the ergodic secrecy sum rate and its scaling law. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive jamming scheme.
We propose a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-inspired jamming and relaying scheme to enhance the physical layer security of untrusted relay networks. Particularly, during the first phase, with the application of the downlink NOMA principle, the source sends a superimposed version of a desired signal and a jamming signal, where the jamming signal is designed to deliberately confuse the untrusted relay by exploiting the beamforming design and adapting the transmission rate at the source. During the second phase, relying on the uplink NOMA principle, the untrusted relay forwards its received signals and, simultaneously, the source transmits a new desired signal that cannot be wiretapped by the untrusted relay to maximize the secrecy sum rate. Scenarios of single-antenna and multiple-antenna relaying are considered, and the impact of different antenna configurations at the source and the untrusted relay on the secrecy performance is investigated. Analytical expressions of an ergodic secrecy sum rate (ESSR) lower bound and an asymptotic ESSR scaling law are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance of the proposed NOMA-inspired jamming and relaying scheme. Computer simulations are presented to validate the accuracy of the derived analytical results, and demonstrate the significant ESSR improvement of the proposed scheme over the conventional orthogonal multiple access-based relaying schemes.
This letter investigates secure transmission for a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network consisting of multiple near users (NUs), a far user (FU) and an untrusted relay. In each slot, the base station serves an opportunistically scheduled NU along with the FU by using NOMA. We design a cooperative jamming based secure transmission strategy to prevent the information leakage of the NU and the FU against the untrusted relay. A novel NU selection scheme is proposed to enhance the secrecy performance, while guaranteeing the scheduling fairness among all NUs. Considering that all channels of NUs experience independent but non-identically distributed Rayleigh fading, the closed-form average secrecy rate and its scaling law are theoretically derived for the FU and the scheduled NU. Finally, simulations are provided to validate the secrecy enhancement and the scheduling fairness of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, the secrecy performance for a downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system is studied under two cases. In the first case, the presence of an untrusted user is studied. While, the presence of an eavesdropper node is considered in the second case. The base station transmits superimposed information signals to the half-duplex two-way relay node. The relay amplifies-and-forwards the received signal towards the users. This paper studies the effectiveness of two factors on the secrecy performance in terms of secrecy capacity. these factors are the power allocated for each user, and the distance between the untrusted user and the cooperative relay node with respect to the strong user. Moreover, this paper proposes the shared jamming signal strategy in order to enhance the physical layer security of the cooperative NOMA in the presence of an eavesdropper node. Furthermore, simulations of the secrecy capacity are presented and compared with a conventional scheme based on null-steering jamming scheme. Based on the result the proposed technique outperforms the conventional technique in terms the of secrecy capacity.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an important technology for the forthcoming 5 G and beyond. However, its privacy often suffers from adversarial eavesdropping, especially for the users with higher transmit power. In this paper, we propose a jamming-aided secure transmission scheme for cooperative NOMA networks with a full-duplex (FD) relay. In this scheme, two pairs of users perform secure transmission with the help of a decode-forward (DF) relay, which forwards information and generates artificial jamming to counteract eavesdropping. The precoding vectors are designed to zero-force the artificial jamming at legal receivers. Then, the channel statistics are calculated, based on which the secrecy rates of legitimate signals are analyzed and the expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived. Furthermore, three benchmark schemes are also presented with their performance analyzed to verify the advantage of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show the accuracy of our analysis, and demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the SOP and improve the effective secrecy throughput via artificial jamming and FD relaying.
This paper analyzes the secrecy capacity of a cooperative relaying system using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). A new cooperative NOMA scheme is proposed, where the source actively sends jamming signals while the relay is forwarding, thereby enhancing the security of intended communication links. Closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate are derived in the presence of an eavesdropper. Asymptotic approximate expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate are established in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, which provides insights on secure NOMA transmission. Numerical results reveal the critical condition, under which NOMA is able to outperform orthogonal multiple access (OMA) in terms of secrecy rate. The proposed NOMA scheme can improve the secrecy rate by about 78.1%.