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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Fermion-Mediated Interactions Between Bosons in a Quantum Degenerate $^{133}$Cs-$^6$Li Bose-Fermi Mixture

Geyue Cai, Krutik Patel, B. J. DeSalvo, Cheng Chin

Published May 29, 2019• 0 citations
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The Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction and Efimov physics are two distinct quantum phenomena in condensed matter and nuclear physics, respectively. The RKKY interaction describes correlations between impurities mediated by an electron gas, while Efimov physics describes universal bound states of three particles with resonant interactions. Recently, both effects have been observed in Bose-Fermi mixtures in the weak and resonant interaction regimes, respectively. Intriguing conjectures exist to elucidate how the two phenomena meet in the transition regime where the mixture is strongly interacting. In this Letter, we explore the RKKY-Efimov transition in a mixture of bosonic ^{133}Cs and fermionic ^{6}Li near a tunable interspecies Feshbach resonance. From dispersion and relaxation measurements, we find that the transition is highlighted by a fermion-mediated scattering resonance between Cs atoms and a weaker resonance on Li atoms. These resonances represent reactive scattering of Cs and Li atoms in the many-body regime, which reduce to an Efimov resonance in the thermal gas regime. Our observation demonstrates the intriguing interplay of two-, three-, and many-body physics in a Bose-Fermi mixture that connects condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and quantum many-body chemistry.

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Fermion-Mediated Interactions Between Bosons in a Quantum Degenerate 133^{133}133Cs-6^66Li Bose-Fermi Mixture
High Resolution Imaging and Control of Quantum Degenerate 133^{133}133Cs-6^66Li Bose-Fermi Mixtures
We report on the formation of a stable quantum degenerate mixture of fermionic ^{6}Li and bosonic ^{133}Cs in an optical trap by sympathetic cooling near an interspecies Feshbach resonance. New regimes of quantum degenerate Bose-Fermi mixtures are identified. With moderate attractive interspecies interactions, we show that a degenerate Fermi gas of Li can be fully confined in a Cs Bose-Einstein condensate without external potentials. For stronger attraction where mean-field collapse is expected, no such instability is observed. Potential mechanisms to explain this phenomenon are discussed.
We describe recent theoretical and experimental developments on mediated interactions in mixtures of bosonic and fermionic atoms. We discuss how particle-hole excitations of a Fermi sea can induce long-range interactions between heavy impurities or atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Conversely, phonon excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate induce interactions between fermionic atoms. These mediated interactions exhibit different short-range and long-range scaling regimes with distance and, if strong enough, can induce fermion superfluidity. We discuss the prospects for observing new phenomena that could arise from mediated interactions. Experimentally, we outline recent studies of the 133Cs-6Li Bose-Fermi mixture, a platform well-suited for investigating fermion-mediated interactions. A Cs Bose-Einstein condensate immersed in a degenerate Li Fermi gas is prepared with tunable interspecies interactions. In the weak-coupling regime, precision measurements of condensate properties reveal fermion-mediated attractions between bosons, matching theoretical predictions. In the strong-coupling regime, we observe suppression and revival of sound modes and novel many-body resonances. Altogether, we aim to highlight both instances where experiment and theory agree well, and promising prospects to engineer long-range interactions in atomic quantum gases.
The Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction and Efimov physics are two distinct quantum phenomena in condensed matter and nuclear physics, respectively. The RKKY interaction describes correlations between impurities mediated by an electron gas, while Efimov physics describes universal bound states of three particles with resonant interactions. Recently, both effects have been observed in Bose-Fermi mixtures in the weak and resonant interaction regimes, respectively. Intriguing conjectures exist to elucidate how the two phenomena meet in the transition regime where the mixture is strongly interacting. In this Letter, we explore the RKKY-Efimov transition in a mixture of bosonic ^{133}Cs and fermionic ^{6}Li near a tunable interspecies Feshbach resonance. From dispersion and relaxation measurements, we find that the transition is highlighted by a fermion-mediated scattering resonance between Cs atoms and a weaker resonance on Li atoms. These resonances represent reactive scattering of Cs and Li atoms in the many-body regime, which reduce to an Efimov resonance in the thermal gas regime. Our observation demonstrates the intriguing interplay of two-, three-, and many-body physics in a Bose-Fermi mixture that connects condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and quantum many-body chemistry.