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Observation of quantum many-body effects due to zero point fluctuations in superconducting circuits

Sébastien Leger, Javier Puertas, Karthik Srikanth Bharadwaj, Rémy Dassonneville, Jovian Delaforce, Foroughi, Farshad, Vladimir Milchakov, Luca Planat, O. Buisson, Cécile Naud, Wiebke Guichard, Serge Florens, Izak Snyman, Nicolas Roch

Published Oct 18, 2019• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Scripts used for the data treatment of sample A
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.3520348

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Electromagnetic fields possess zero point fluctuations which lead to observable effects such as the Lamb shift and the Casimir effect. In the traditional quantum optics domain, these corrections remain perturbative due to the smallness of the fine structure constant. To provide a direct observation of non-perturbative effects driven by zero point fluctuations in an open quantum system we wire a highly non-linear Josephson junction to a high impedance transmission line, allowing large phase fluctuations across the junction. Consequently, the resonance of the former acquires a relative frequency shift that is orders of magnitude larger than for natural atoms. Detailed modeling confirms that this renormalization is non-linear and quantum. Remarkably, the junction transfers its non-linearity to about thirty environmental modes, a striking back-action effect that transcends the standard Caldeira-Leggett paradigm. This work opens many exciting prospects for longstanding quests such as the tailoring of many-body Hamiltonians in the strongly non-linear regime, the observation of Bloch oscillations, or the development of high-impedance qubits.
We show that quantum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields induce an extensive zero-point energy in insulators. The zero-point energy density is proportional to the quantum fluctuation of electric polarization in the many-body ground state, a fundamental quantum geometric property of solids known as the quantum weight. For fields produced by a superconducting LC circuit, the zero-point energy results in a repulsive force between the circuit and the material and an attractive force on the capacitor plates, which we call quantum geometric force. The force on the capacitor plates is proportional to the quantum weight, inversely proportional to the plate area, and independent of the plate distance. The proposed effects provide direct experimental access to the many-body quantum geometry and reveal a new quantum geometric effect in macroscopic solids induced by vacuum fluctuation.