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OSA Continuum

Imaging Spatial Quantum Correlations through a thin Scattering Medium

Gnatiessoro Soro, A. Mosset, Éric Lantz, F. Devaux

Published Nov 21, 2019• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We image with cameras entangled photon light transmitted through a thin scattering medium. Near-field and far-field spatial quantum correlations show that entangled photon pairs (bi-photons) generated by spontaneous optical parametric down-conversion exhibit speckle patterns. In contrast, no information from the thin scattering medium can be extracted using incoherent light issued from one photon of the pair.

DOI
10.1364/osac.2.003393

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We image with cameras entangled photon light transmitted through a thin scattering medium. Near-field and far-field spatial quantum correlations show that entangled photon pairs (bi-photons) generated by spontaneous optical parametric down-conversion exhibit speckle patterns. In contrast, no information from the thin scattering medium can be extracted using incoherent light issued from one photon of the pair.
We image with cameras entangled photon light transmitted through a random medium. Near-field and far-field spatial quantum correlations show that entangled photon pairs (bi-photons) generated by spontaneous optical parametric down-conversion exhibit speckle pattern. In contrast, no information from the random medium can be extracted using incoherent light issued from one photon of the pair. Although these measurements require several hours to record thousands of image pairs, our method is instantaneous for the recording of one pair of twin images and involve all the photons of the images.
Photon-pair correlations in spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) processes are ubiquitous in quantum photonics. In this work, we engineer these correlations by imaging arbitrarily chosen objects in the second order correlations of spatially-entangled photon pairs produced by type-I SPDC in a non-linear crystal. Our approach is effective with both amplitude and phase objects, even when the beam intensity is spatially shaped. Additionally, we show that it is resistant to scattering by applying wavefront shaping techniques. We also find that certain phase patterns can refocus through the scattering medium exclusively with photon pairs, and not with classical coherent light. Consequently, the transmission of an image through the scattering medium is only possible if it is correlation encoded; coherent light alone cannot reconstruct the image. Our approach enables the transmission of complex, high-dimensional information using quantum correlations of photons, offering significant potential for advancing quantum communication and imaging protocols.
We report the observation of speckle patterns in quantum correlations within light that is scattered by a disordered medium. The random medium is illuminated with spatially entangled photon pairs, and fourth-order speckle patterns are spatially resolved by two independently scanning detectors. Spatial entanglement gives two-photon speckle a much richer structure than ordinary one-photon speckle. Our experiments demonstrate that two-photon speckle from a surface scatterer and a volume scatterer look entirely different.
Abstract We first extend our recent experiments of spatial quantum correlations imaging through thin scattering media to the case where two phase scattering plates placed respectively in the image and the Fourier planes of the biphoton source, mimics a thick scattering medium. Spatial correlations between twin photons are still detected at the quantum level but no more in the form of two-photon speckle-like patterns. However, we show that spatial entanglement of very-high dimensionality can be retrieved through thick scattering media with moderate losses and without any fair sampling assumption in the space and time domains. Second, a numerical simulation of the biphoton wave function is developed and applied to our experimental situation, with a good agreement.
Spatially entangled photon pairs (biphotons) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion offer unique opportunities for quantum imaging, but image-plane biphoton correlations are difficult to observe with camera-based detectors. Previous camera-based biphoton imaging experiments have relied on photon-counting detection, which necessitates operation deep in the photon-sparse regime and requires extremely low dark rates. Here, we demonstrate the detection of spatial biphoton joint probability distributions in both the image plane and the pupil plane (also termed "near-field plane" and "far-field plane" respectively) using a conventional scientific CMOS camera operated in linear mode. We work at mesoscopic intensity levels, corresponding to a photon flux approximately four orders of magnitude higher than typical photon-counting approaches. From the measured image- and pupil plane correlations, we observe position and momentum correlations consistent with an EPR-type entanglement witness. A tailored correlation analysis suited for image plane imaging suppresses detector artifacts and intensity fluctuations, enabling acquisition with significantly fewer frames. Our results demonstrate that spatially entangled-light imaging can be performed efficiently with standard imaging hardware, extending quantum imaging techniques beyond the photon-counting regime.