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EPJ Web of Conferences

Equations of quantum theory in the space of randomly joint quantum events

Alexander Alexandrovich Biryukov

Published Jan 1, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamics of the system in the space of random joint events is considered. The symmetric difference of events is introduced in space based on the Kolmogorov axioms. To describe quantum effects in the dynamics of the system, an additional axiom is introduced for random joint events: “the symmetric sum of random events.” In the generated space of random joint events, an equation is constructed for the probability of a system transition between two events. It is shown that for pairwise joint events it is equivalent to the equation of quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/201922203005

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The dynamics of the system in the space of random joint events is considered. The symmetric difference of events is introduced in space based on the Kolmogorov axioms. To describe quantum effects in the dynamics of the system, an additional axiom is introduced for random joint events: “the symmetric sum of random events.” In the generated space of random joint events, an equation is constructed for the probability of a system transition between two events. It is shown that for pairwise joint events it is equivalent to the equation of quantum mechanics.
A model of the space of random joint events is constructed. In the space, along with the existence of a symmetric difference of joint events, a new postulate about the existence of a symmetric sum of random joint events is introduced. In the generated space, a stochastic equation of the system motion and an equation for the probabilities of the system transition between two events are constructed. The probability of transition depends on the probabilities of compatibility of two, three, etc. events. The equation is equivalent to the equation of quantum theory if the events are compatible only in pairs. The proposed equation for incompatible events passes into the equation of the Markov chain.
Abstract The evolution of the system is described as a stochastic process in the space of random joint events. A symmetric difference and a symmetric sum of random joint events are introduced in space. The probability of quantum transitions of the system between certain random events is represented by the sum of the probabilities of joint events (two, three, … ). It is noteworthy that the obtained expression for the transition probabilities coincides with the transition probability in quantum theory, if only pairwise joint random events are taken into account in the model.
Abstract The evolution of the system is described as a stochastic process in the space of random joint events, in which both a symmetric difference and a symmetric sum of events are introduced. The probability of a system transition between states is represented by a series of double, triple, etc., integrals of real functionals of joint event trajectories. The expression coincides with the transition probability in quantum theory if only pairwise joint random trajectories are taken into account in the model.
The evolution of the system is described as a stochastic process in the space of random joint events. A symmetric difference and a symmetric sum of random joint events are introduced in the space. The probability of quantum transitions of the system between certain random events is represented by the sum of the probabilities of joint events (two, three...). It is noteworthy that the obtained expression for the transition probabilities coincides with that for the transition probability in quantum theory, if only pairwise joint random events are taken into account in the model.
Quantum mechanics is usually described in the terminology of probability theory even though the properties of the probability spaces associated with it are fundamentally different from the standard ones of probability theory. For example, Kolmogorov's axioms are not general enough to encompass the non-commutative situations that arise in quantum theory. There have been many attempts to generalise these axioms to meet the needs of quantum mechanics. The focus of these attempts has been the observation, first made by Birkhoff and von Neumann (1936), that the propositions associated with a quantum-mechanical system do not form a Boolean σ-algebra. There is almost universal agreement that the probability space associated with a quantum-mechanical system is given by the set of subspaces of a separable Hilbert space, but there is disagreement over the algebraic structure that this set represents. In the most popular model for the probability space of quantum mechanics the propositions are assumed to form an orthocomplemented lattice (Mackey (1963), Jauch (1968)). The fundamental concept here is that of a partial order, that is a binary relation that is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric. The partial order is interpreted as embodying the logical concept of implication in the set of propositions associated with the physical system. Although this model provides an acceptable mathematical expression of the probabilistic structure of quantum mechanics in that the subspaces of a separable Hilbert space give a representation of an ortho-complemented lattice, it has several deficiencies which will be discussed later.
A major question in our understanding of the fabric of the world is where the randomness of some quantum phenomena comes from and how to represent it in a rational theory. The statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics made its way progressively since the early days of the theory. We summarize the main historical steps and then we outline how the randomness gains to be depicted by using tools adapted to Markov processes. We consider a model system corresponding to experimental situations, namely a single two-level atom submitted to a monochromatic light triggering transitions from the ground to the excited state. After a short summary of present quantum approaches, we explain how a general "kinetic-like" Kolmogorov equation yields the statistical properties of the fluorescent light radiated by the atom which makes at once Rabi oscillations between the two states, and random quantum jumps with photo-emission. As an exemple we give the probability distribution of the time intervals between two successive emitted photons by using the Kolmogorov equation.