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Photonics Research

Spatial and frequency multimode in the dressing parametric amplified multiwave mixing process

Xinghua Li, Ji Wei Wu, Siqi Xiong, Mengting Chen, Hongye Yan, Zhiguo Wang, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Nov 26, 2019• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum multimode of correlated fields is essential for future quantum-correlated imaging. Here we investigate multimode properties theoretically and experimentally for the parametric amplified multiwave mixing process. The multimode behavior of the signals in our system stems from spatial phase mismatching caused by frequency resonant linewidth. In the spatial domain, we observe the emission rings with an uneven distribution of photon intensity in the parametric amplified four-wave mixing process, suggesting different spatial modes. The symmetrical distribution of spatial spots indicates the spatial correlation between the Stokes and anti-Stokes signals. While in the frequency domain, the multimode character is reflected as multiple peaks splitting in the signals’ spectrum. A novelty in our experiment, the number of multimodes both in the spatial and frequency domains can be controlled by dressing lasers by modifying the nonlinear susceptibility. Finally, we extend the multimode properties to the multiwave mixing process. The results can be applied in quantum imaging.

DOI
10.1364/prj.7.001454

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The quantum multimode of correlated fields is essential for future quantum-correlated imaging. Here we investigate multimode properties theoretically and experimentally for the parametric amplified multiwave mixing process. The multimode behavior of the signals in our system stems from spatial phase mismatching caused by frequency resonant linewidth. In the spatial domain, we observe the emission rings with an uneven distribution of photon intensity in the parametric amplified four-wave mixing process, suggesting different spatial modes. The symmetrical distribution of spatial spots indicates the spatial correlation between the Stokes and anti-Stokes signals. While in the frequency domain, the multimode character is reflected as multiple peaks splitting in the signals’ spectrum. A novelty in our experiment, the number of multimodes both in the spatial and frequency domains can be controlled by dressing lasers by modifying the nonlinear susceptibility. Finally, we extend the multimode properties to the multiwave mixing process. The results can be applied in quantum imaging.
Multiple quantum modes in correlated fields are essential for future quantum information processing and quantum computing. Here we report the generation of multi-mode phenomenon through parametric amplified four- and six-wave mixing processes in a rubidium atomic ensemble. The multi-mode properties in both frequency and spatial domains are studied. On one hand, the multi-mode behavior is dominantly controlled by the intensity of external dressing effect, or nonlinear phase shift through internal dressing effect, in frequency domain; on the other hand, the multi-mode behavior is visually demonstrated from the images of the biphoton fields directly, in spatial domain. Besides, the correlation of the two output fields is also demonstrated in both domains. Our approach supports efficient applications for scalable quantum correlated imaging.
Abstract Multimode properties, based on nonlinear parametric processes, have potential research value on entanglement imaging. This paper studies the spatial and frequency multimode from dressing parametric‐amplified six‐wave mixing (PA‐SWM) process with three entangled signals. The S1 signal contains fifth‐order nonlinearity, the S2 signal contains electromagnetically induced absorption and fifth‐order nonlinearity, and the S3 signal contains Autler–Townes splitting (AT), second‐ and fifth‐order nonlinearity. The frequency multimode is attributed to dressing energy level splitting in spontaneous SWM (SSWM) process. The spatial multimode is due to frequency multimode and beam splitting via Kerr nonlinearity. In the spatial domain, it finds the optimal conditions of intensity difference squeezing (IDS) and spatial imaging along with their competitive relationship. On the one hand, the light spots with single spatial mode are contributed to the maximum IDS but not conducive to entanglement imaging; on the other hand, the light spots with multiple spatial modes are instrumental in entanglement imaging but not appropriate for the IDS. This research has potential applications in squeezed light sources for quantum metrology, and correlated imaging of spatial signals.
The frequency and spatial multimode of correlated fields are seen as essential resources for future multimode entanglement and quantum networks. Here, we present multimode properties from the process of parametric amplified cascaded four-wave mixing through a rubidium atomic ensemble under dressing and Kerr nonlinear effects. The experimental results complement the theoretical simulations. Three frequency modes and 34 spatial spots were experimentally observed due to the double-dressing and Kerr effect of the two pump fields. Further, it is verified that changing the pump field frequency has a larger line shift over pump field power and the angle between the two pump fields, which can be realized as a multicontact switch. Through a dressing effect, interestingly the number of coherent channels also increases by the order of dressing, indicating a large possibility of frequency and spatial multimode. These results will have important applications in quantum communications.
The nonlinear parametric process is of great significance for achieving high-quality coherent optical signals and quantum correlated photons. With the development of classical and quantum information processing, the study of the properties of parametric processes is evolving in complex scenarios of multimode, which is limited in conventional nonlinear media due to strict phase matching, e.g. nonlinear crystals. Here we study the dressing-energy-level-cascaded four-wave mixing process to generate multimode optical parametric signals. Via cascading double-Λ type configuration of 85 Rb D 1 line, the non-degenerate energy-level-cascaded FWM is constructed to generate multimode self-parametric amplification. Moreover, with the dressing effects based on atomic coherence, the spatial and frequency multimode characteristics of energy-level-cascaded FWM parametric amplification, i.e., the modes number and pattern, are actively modulated by the pump fields detuning. Also, the spatial modes from the coupling of two coexisting spontaneous parametric FWMs can be controlled to reach tremendous scalability via the atomic coherence and Kerr non-linearity. The atomic coherence effects and unique phase-matching symmetry nature allow flexible modulation of the multimode property of the generated parametric signals within a nonlinear device, which paves a way for multimode classical and quantum information processing.
We study the parametric amplification of electromagnetically induced transparency-assisted Rydberg six- and eight-wave mixing signals through a cascaded nonlinear optical process in a hot rubidium atomic ensemble both theoretically and experimentally. The shift of the resonant frequency (induced by the Rydberg–Rydberg interaction) of parametrically amplified six-wave mixing signal is observed. Moreover, the interplays between the dressing effects and Rydberg–Rydberg interactions in parametrically amplified multiwave mixing signals are investigated. The linear amplification of Rydberg multiwave mixing processes with multichannel nature acts against the suppression caused by Rydberg–Rydberg interaction and dressing effect.
We theoretically investigate the influence of a dressing field on parametric amplification multi-wave mixing (PA-MWM) processes in an atomic ensemble for the first time. The quantum spatial properties of PA-MWM signals are demonstrated by studying the cone emissions. Meanwhile, we investigate the intensities, the intensity difference squeezing, and the intensity noise correlation of bright twin PA-MWM beams, which are generated by injecting the MWM signals into the input ports of a spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing process. Both the spatial properties and the quantum correlation can be enhanced or suppressed via a bright state or a dark state, which is induced by the single or double dressing effect. This study has potential applications in quantum security, quantum imaging and long distance quantum communications.