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Physical Review A

Publisher's Note: Quantification of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering for two-qubit states [Phys. Rev. A 93 , 020103(R) (2016)]

Ana C. S. Costa, R. M. Angelo

Published Sep 5, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the last few years, several criteria to identify Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering have been proposed and experimentally implemented. On the operational side, however, the evaluation of the steerability degree of a given state has shown to be a difficult task and only a few results are known. In this work, we propose a measure of steering that is based on the maximal violation of well-established steering inequalities. Applying this approach to two-qubit states, we managed to derive simple closed formulas for steering in the two- and three-measurement scenarios. We also provide closed formulas for quantifiers of Bell nonlocality in the respective scenarios. Finally, we show that our measures of steering verify the entanglement-steering-nonlocality hierarchy and reproduce results reported so far.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.039901

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EPR steering is a form of bipartite quantum correlation that is intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. It is detected via the violation of steering inequalities, which provide sufficient conditions for the steerability of quantum states. Furthermore, there is a sufficient criterion for guaranteeing that a two-qubit state is unsteerable. But there are some two qubit states that can not determine the steerability of the steering inequality and the sufficient criteria. Here we introduce a way of quantifying this phenomenon and use it to study the steerability of two qubit states. This article recommend a platonic solid measurement schemes. And then discuss the problem, namely expanding the scope of steerable, which guarantees that the state is steerable.

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In the last few years, several criteria to identify Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering have been proposed and experimentally implemented. On the operational side, however, the evaluation of the steerability degree of a given state has shown to be a difficult task and only a few results are known. In this work, we propose a measure of steering that is based on the maximal violation of well-established steering inequalities. Applying this approach to two-qubit states, we managed to derive simple closed formulas for steering in the two- and three-measurement scenarios. We also provide closed formulas for quantifiers of Bell nonlocality in the respective scenarios. Finally, we show that our measures of steering verify the entanglement-steering-nonlocality hierarchy and reproduce results reported so far.
In the last few years, several criteria to identify Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering have been proposed and experimentally implemented. On the operational side, however, the evaluation of the steerability degree of a given state has shown to be a difficult task and only a few results are known. In this work, we propose a measure of steering that is based on the maximal violation of well-established steering inequalities. Applying this approach to two-qubit states, we managed to derive simple closed formulas for steering in the two- and three-measurement scenarios. We also provide closed formulas for quantifiers of Bell nonlocality in the respective scenarios. Finally, we show that our measures of steering verify the entanglement-steering-nonlocality hierarchy and reproduce results reported so far.
Occupying a position between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Many criteria have been proposed and experimentally implemented to characterize EPR-steering. Nevertheless, only a few results are available to quantify steerability using analytical results. In this work, we propose a method for quantifying the steerability in two-qubit quantum states in the two-setting EPR-steering scenario, using the connection between joint measurability and steerability. We derive an analytical formula for the steerability of a class of X-states. The sufficient and necessary conditions for two-setting EPR-steering are presented. Based on these results, a class of asymmetric states, namely, one-way steerable states, are obtained.
In comparison with entanglement and Bell nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a newly emerged research topic and in its incipient stage. Although Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering has been explored via violations of steering inequalities both theoretically and experimentally, the known inequalities in the literatures are far from well-developed. As a result, it is not yet possible to observe Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering for some steerable mixed states. Recently, a simple approach was presented to identify Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering based on all-versus-nothing argument, offering a strong condition to witness the steerability of a family of two-qubit (pure or mixed) entangled states. In this work, we show that the all-versus-nothing proof of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering can be tested by measuring the projective probabilities. Through the bound of probabilities imposed by local-hidden-state model, the proposed test shows that steering can be detected by the all-versus-nothing argument experimentally even in the presence of imprecision and errors. Our test can be implemented in many physical systems and we discuss the possible realizations of our scheme with non-Abelian anyons and trapped ions.
In comparison with entanglement and Bell nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a newly emerged research topic and in its incipient stage. Although Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering has been explored via violations of steering inequalities both theoretically and experimentally, the known inequalities in the literatures are far from well-developed. As a result, it is not yet possible to observe Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering for some steerable mixed states. Recently, a simple approach was presented to identify Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering based on all-versus-nothing argument, offering a strong condition to witness the steerability of a family of two-qubit (pure or mixed) entangled states. In this work, we show that the all-versus-nothing proof of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering can be tested by measuring the projective probabilities. Through the bound of probabilities imposed by local-hidden-state model, the proposed test shows that steering can be detected by the all-versus-nothing argument experimentally even in the presence of imprecision and errors. Our test can be implemented in many physical systems and we discuss the possible realizations of our scheme with non-Abelian anyons and trapped ions.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an intermediate quantum nonlocality between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which plays an important role in quantum information processing tasks. In the past few years, the investigations concerning the EPR steering have been demonstrated in a series of experiments. However, these studies rely on the relevant steering inequalities and the choices of measurement settings. Here, we experimentally verify the EPR steering via entanglement detection without using any steering inequality and measurement setting. By constructing two new states from a two-qubit state, we observe the EPR steering by detecting the entanglement of these new states. The results show that the entanglement of the newly constructed states can be regarded as an unusual kind of steering witness for these states. Compared to the results of Xiao et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 140404 (2017)], we find that the ability to detect the EPR steering in our scenario is stronger than that of two-setting projective measurements, which can observe more steerable states. Hence, our demonstrations can deepen the understanding of the connection between the EPR steering and entanglement.
EPR steering is a form of bipartite quantum correlation that is intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. It is detected via the violation of steering inequalities, which provide sufficient conditions for the steerability of quantum states. Furthermore, there is a sufficient criterion for guaranteeing that a two-qubit state is unsteerable. But there are some two qubit states that can not determine the steerability of the steering inequality and the sufficient criteria. Here we introduce a way of quantifying this phenomenon and use it to study the steerability of two qubit states. This article recommend a platonic solid measurement schemes. And then discuss the problem, namely expanding the scope of steerable, which guarantees that the state is steerable.