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Physica Scripta

Lie algebraic approach to quantum driven optomechanics

A Paredes-Juárez, I. Ramos-Prieto, Manuel Berrondo, J. Récamier

Published Oct 31, 2019• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present an approximate Lie algebraic method to deal with a forced optomechanical Hamiltonian. We show that the approximations made in order to linearize the interaction Hamiltonian are fully justified by means of a comparison between a purely numerical calculation of the number of photons, phonons and linear entropy using the full Hamiltonian and the results obtained by means of our approximate time evolution operator.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ab5324

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Abstract We present an approximate Lie algebraic method to deal with a forced optomechanical Hamiltonian. We show that the approximations made in order to linearize the interaction Hamiltonian are fully justified by means of a comparison between a purely numerical calculation of the number of photons, phonons and linear entropy using the full Hamiltonian and the results obtained by means of our approximate time evolution operator.
Abstract We obtain a time-evolution operator for a forced optomechanical quantum system using Lie algebraic methods when the normalized coupling between the electromagnetic field and a mechanical oscillator, G/ω m , is not negligible compared to one, i.e., the system operates in the strong-coupling regime. Due to the forcing term, the interaction picture Hamiltonian contains the number operator in the exponents, and in order to deal with it, we approximate these exponentials by their average values taken between initial coherent states. Our approximation is justified when we compare our results with the numerical solution of the number of photons, phonons, Mandel parameter, and the Wigner function, showing an excellent agreement. In contrast to other works, our approach does not use the standard linearized description in the optomechanical interaction. Therefore, highly non-classical (non-Gaussian) states of light emerge during the time evolution.
In this work, we start from a phenomenological Hamiltonian built from two known systems: the Hamiltonian of a pumped optomechanical system and the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. Using algebraic techniques we construct an approximate time evolution operator U^(t) for the forced optomechanical system (as a product of exponentials) and take the JC Hamiltonian as an interaction. We transform the later with U^(t) to obtain a generalized interaction picture Hamiltonian which can be linearized and whose time evolution operator is written in a product form. The analytic results are compared with purely numerical calculations using the full Hamiltonian and the agreement between them is remarkable.
We study the time evolution of driven quantum systems using analytic, algebraic, and numerical methods. First, we obtain analytic solutions for driven free and oscillator systems by shifting the coordinate and phase of the undriven wave function. We also factorize the quantum evolution operator using the generators of the Lie algebra comprising the Hamiltonian. We obtain coupled ODE's for the time evolution of the Lie algebra parameters. These parameters allow us to find physical properties of oscillator dynamics. In particular we find phase-space trajectories and transition probabilities. We then search for chaotic behavior in the Lie algebra parameters as a signature for dynamical chaos in the quantum system. We plot the trajectories, transition probabilities, and Lyapunov exponents for a wide range of the following physical parameters: strength and duration of the driving force, frequency difference, and anharmonicity of the oscillator. We identify conditions for the appearance of chaos in the system.
Abstract We solve the time evolution of a nonlinear optomechanical Hamiltonian with arbitrary time-dependent mechanical displacement, mechanical single-mode squeezing and a time-dependent optomechanical coupling up to the solution of two second-order differential equations. The solution is based on identifying a minimal and finite Lie algebra that generates the time-evolution of the system. This reduces the problem to considering a finite set of coupled ordinary differential equations of real functions. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we compute the degree of non-Gaussianity of the time-evolved state of the system by means of a measure based on the relative entropy of the non-Gaussian state and its closest Gaussian reference state. We find that the addition of a constant mechanical squeezing term to the standard optomechanical Hamiltonian generally decreases the overall non-Gaussian character of the state. For sinusoidally modulated squeezing, the two second-order differential equations mentioned above take the form of the Mathieu equation. We derive perturbative solutions for a small squeezing amplitude at parametric resonance and show that they correspond to the rotating-wave approximation at times larger than the scale set by the mechanical frequency. We find that the non-Gaussianity of the state increases with both time and the squeezing parameter in this specific regime.
A method is described to solve the nonlinear Langevin equations arising from quadratic interactions in quantum mechanics. While the zeroth order linearization approximation to the operators is normally used, here, first and second order truncation perturbation schemes are proposed. These schemes employ higher-order system operators, and then approximate number operators with their corresponding mean boson numbers only where needed. Spectral densities of higher-order operators are derived, and an expression for the second-order correlation function at zero time-delay has been found, which reveals that the cavity photon occupation of an ideal laser at threshold reaches 6 − 2 , in good agreement with extensive numerical calculations. As further applications, analysis of the quantum anharmonic oscillator, calculation of Q-functions, analysis of quantum limited amplifiers, and nondemoliton measurements are provided.
We develop a Lie algebraic approach to systematically calculate the evolution operator of the generalized two-dimensional quadratic Hamiltonian with time-dependent coefficients. Although the development of the Lie algebraic approach presented here is mainly motivated by the two-dimensional quadratic Hamiltonian, it may be applied to investigate the evolution operators of any Hamiltonian having a dynamical algebra with a large number of elements. We illustrate the method by finding the propagator and the Heisenberg picture position and momentum operators for a two-dimensional charge subject to uniform and constant electro-magnetic fields.