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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Coin - Coherence Observation by Interference Noise

Yehiam Prior, Ilya Sh. Averbukh, Opher Kinrot

Published Jan 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a novel approach — Coherence Observation by Interference Noise (COIN) — for the measurement of coherence. The method is based on analysis of the quantum interference fluctuations (noise) in the incoherent emission from a medium, following the excitation by a pair of time delayed pulses with random relative phase. In addition to spectroscopic applications, the new method is useful for the characterization of short pulses and their wavelength determination.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.1996.561880

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We present a novel approach — Coherence Observation by Interference Noise (COIN) — for the measurement of coherence. The method is based on analysis of the quantum interference fluctuations (noise) in the incoherent emission from a medium, following the excitation by a pair of time delayed pulses with random relative phase. In addition to spectroscopic applications, the new method is useful for the characterization of short pulses and their wavelength determination.
We present a new approach to the measurement of coherence. By monitoring the quantum interference fluctuations in the population excited by a pair of time-delayed, randomly phased pulses, it is possible to extract information on internal dynamics, energy level splittings, and characteristic coherence decay times of the medium. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the measurement of phase relaxation and doublet separation in atomic potassium. The principle of coherence observation by interference noise is very general, is shown to be robust and with inherent time resolution of a few optical cycles, and is proposed as an alternative to many interferometric applications.
The technique of COIN (coherence observation by interference noise) relies on the measurement of correlated fluorescence fluctuations subsequent to two-pulse excitation with randomized relative phase [Kinrot et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3822 (1995)]. In this paper, a comprehensive theoretical study on the use of random-phase fluorescence interferometry in the measurement of solid-state, molecular coherence is given. Optical response functions in terms of populations expanded to second order in a perturbational approach are presented for a guest/host system that are based on a generalized Bloch–Liouville formalism including inhomogeneous site broadening and harmonic vibrational modes. The theoretical treatment is intended to explain the coherence and coherence loss mechanisms measured, very recently, in the pentacene/p-terphenyl mixed crystal at low phonon temperatures. The expressions derived within the limits of the usual approximations are quite general and valid for both δ- and finite-width pulses. The perturbative solutions reproduce the temperature variation of the experimental COIN interferograms and reveal the effects of inhomogeneous dephasing and impurity–bath coupling, quite satisfactorily.
The distinction between the coherent and the incoherent component of the radiation emitted from resonantly excited material systems is difficult experimentally, particularly when ultra-short optical pulses are used for excitation. We propose an experimental procedure allowing an easy measurement of the two components. The method is completely general and applicable to any kind of physical system; its feasibility is demonstrated on the resonant emission from excitons in a semiconductor quantum well.
The observation of the Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM)-type two-photon interference (TPI) has played an important role in the development of photonic quantum technologies. The time-resolved coincidence-detection technique has been effectively used to identify and characterize the TPI phenomena of long-coherence optical fields. Here, we report on the experimental demonstration of the TPI of two phase-randomized weak coherent pulses with time-resolved coincidence detection. The mutual coherence time between the two weak coherent lights is determined by applying a frequency noise to one of the two interfering lights. We analyze the HOM-type TPI fringe visibility according to the ratio of the coherence time to the pulse duration.
The optical response of a two-site system driven by a pair of optical pulses in an interferometric set up has been studied theoretically by applying the density operator formalism. The one-exciton approach is taken for modeling two coupled two-level systems (TLS), the external field is presented semiclassically and bath-induced dissipative processes are included. In the δ-pulse limit the population of the excited state has been formulated to the lowest order perturbation expansion in the external field. In the limit of slow luminescence the interferogram of time-integrated total fluorescence has been calculated for pulses with constant relative phase. For phase-randomized pulses the variance of the correlated fluorescence signal as a function of the pulse delay allows direct interrogation of coherent transients and dephasing processes. Our analysis follows the principle of coherence observation by interference noise, COIN [O. Kinrot, I. Sh. Averbukh, and Y. Prior, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3822 (1995)], but is a generalization of this concept to expand on electronically interacting TLS. The theoretical results demonstrate that analysis of fluorescence interference fluctuations may provide a powerful diagnostic tool for probing the initial quantum coherence of energy transfer, i.e., excitation oscillations by employing fs-fluorescence correlation measurements in stable interferometric configurations.