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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Multi-Particle Entanglement Purification Protocols

Mio Murao, Martin Bodo Plenio, Sandu Popescu, Vlatko Vedral, P. L. Knight

Published Aug 24, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Purification schemes for multiparticle entangled states cannot be treated as straightforward extensions of those two-particle ones because of the lack of symmetry they possess. We propose purification protocols for a wide range of mixed entangled states of many particles. These are useful for understanding entanglement, and could be of practical significance in multiuser cryptographic schemes or distributed quantum computation and communication. We show that operating locally on multiparticle entangled states directly is more efficient than relying on two-particle purification.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.1998.714874

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Purification schemes for multiparticle entangled states cannot be treated as straightforward extensions of those two-particle ones because of the lack of symmetry they possess. We propose purification protocols for a wide range of mixed entangled states of many particles. These are useful for understanding entanglement, and could be of practical significance in multiuser cryptographic schemes or distributed quantum computation and communication. We show that operating locally on multiparticle entangled states directly is more efficient than relying on two-particle purification.
Purification schemes for multiparticle entangled states cannot be treated as straightforward extensions of those two-particle ones because of the lack of symmetry they possess. We propose purification protocols for a wide range of mixed entangled states of many particles. These are useful for understanding entanglement, and could be of practical significance in multiuser cryptographic schemes or distributed quantum computation and communication. We show that operating locally on multiparticle entangled states directly is more efficient than relying on two-particle purification.
Entanglement purification describes a primitive in quantum information processing, where several copies of noisy quantum states are distilled into a few copies of nearly pure states of high quality via local operations and classical communication. Especially in the multiparticle case, the task of entanglement purification is complicated, as many inequivalent forms of pure state entanglement exist and purification protocols need to be tailored for different target states. In this paper we present optimized protocols for the purification of hypergraph states, which form a family of multiqubit states that are relevant from several perspectives. We start by reformulating an existing purification protocol in a graphical language. This allows for systematical optimization and we present improvements in three directions. First, one can optimize the sequences of the protocol with respect to the ordering of the parties. Second, one can use adaptive schemes, where the measurement results obtained within the protocol are used to modify the protocols. Finally, one can improve the protocol with respect to the efficiency, requiring fewer copies of noisy states to reach a certain target state.
We introduce a class of multiparticle entanglement purification protocols that allow us to distill a large class of entangled states. These include cluster states, Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, and various error correction codes all of which belong to the class of two-colorable graph states. We analyze these schemes under realistic conditions and observe that they are scalable; i.e., the threshold value for imperfect local operations does not depend on the number of parties for many of these states. When compared to schemes based on bipartite entanglement purification, the protocol is more efficient and the achievable quality of the purified states is larger. As an application we discuss an experimental realization of the protocol in optical lattices which allows one to purify cluster states.
Entanglement purification protocols are fundamental primitives in quantum communication, enabling the distillation of high-quality entanglement using only local operations and classical communication. For large multipartite states, however, existing purification schemes typically require substantial resources and become progressively inefficient as system size increases. We introduce a new type of multipartite entanglement purification, Localized Entanglement Purification (LEP), a family of protocols that purify entanglement at the level of network regions rather than globally. By exploiting spatial noise asymmetries, LEP reduces resource consumption and enables scalable purification strategies for larger quantum systems.
Entanglement manipulation, and especially Entanglement Swapping is at the heart of current work on quantum information processing, purification and quantum teleportation. We will discuss how it may be generalized to multiparticle systems and how this enables multi-user quantum cryptographic protocols to be developed. Our scheme allows us to establish multiparticle entanglement between particles which belong to distant users in a communication network through a prior distribution of Bell state singlets followed by local measurements. We compare our method for generating entanglement with existing schemes using simple quantum networks, and highlight the advantages and applications in cryptographic conferencing and in reading messages from more than one source through a single quantum measurement. We also discuss how entanglement leads to the idea of ‘telecloning’, in which a teleportation-like protocol can be found which reproduces the output of an optimal quantum cloning machine. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.