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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Integrated photonic transmitter and receiver for quantum key distribution

Philip Sibson, Mark Godfrey, Chris Erven, Shigehito Miki, Taro Yamashita, Mikio Fujiwara, Masahide Sasaki, Hirotaka Terai, Michael G. Tanner, Chandra M. Natarajan, Robert H. Hadfield, Jeremy L. O’Brien, Mark G. Thompson

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
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Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security independent of computational assumptions, yet the bulk and cost of current systems hinder large-scale deployment. Although integrated photonic technologies have enabled highly integrated QKD chips, practical QKD transmitters are still predominantly implemented as rack-mounted systems. Here, we demonstrate a highly integrated standalone QKD transmitter that integrates all essential functionalities required for practical QKD operation within a compact platform built around a silicon photonic encoding chip. The transmitter occupies only 167×56×21 mm3167 \times 56 \times 21~\mathrm{mm}^3167×56×21 mm3 (∼0.2 dm3\sim 0.2~\mathrm{dm}^3∼0.2 dm3), comparable in size to a half-height, half-width PCIe card and more than 30 times smaller in volume than a conventional 1U rack-mounted system. Paired with a conventional discrete-component receiver, it achieves a secure key rate of 219.1 kbps over 51.3 km of standard single-mode fiber, with performance comparable to that of conventional discrete-component implementations. This work bridges the gap between photonic chip integration and deployable QKD hardware, marking an important step toward transitioning QKD transmitters from conventional rack-mounted equipment to compact board-level platforms.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on off-the-shelf telecom components has been validated in both laboratory and field tests, its high cost and large volume remain major obstacles to large-scale deployment. Photonic integration, featured by its compact size and low cost, offers an effective approach to addressing the above challenges faced by QKD. Here, we implement a high-performance, integrated local local oscillator continuous-variable (CV) QKD system based on an integrated silicon photonic transmitter and receiver. By employing a high-speed silicon photonic integrated in-phase and quadrature modulator, a low-noise and high-bandwidth silicon photonic integrated heterodyne detector, and digital signal processing, our CV-QKD system achieves a symbol rate of up to 1.5625 GBaud. Furthermore, the system achieves asymptotic secret key rates of 31.05 and 5.05 Mbps over 25.8 and 50.4 km standard single-mode fiber, respectively, using 8-phase-shift keying discrete modulation. Our integrated CV-QKD system with a high symbol rate and long transmission distance paves the way for the quantum secure communication network in metropolitan areas.
Various technologies for performing discrete-variable (DV) quantum key distribution (QKD) with integrated electro-optical circuits are described herein. An integrated DV-QKD system uses Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) to modulate a polarization of photons at a transmitter and select a photon polarization measurement basis at a receiver. A transmitter of a DV-QKD system further uses phase shifters to correct for non-idealities of the MZM in output provided to a polarization beam splitter. A receiver of a DV-QKD system can use phase shifters between a polarization beam splitter and an MZM to correct for non-idealities of the polarization beam splitter and the MZM on the receiver side.