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Annals of Physics

Triphoton correlations in six-wave mixing

Siqiang Zhang, Wei Li, Kangkang Li, Yameng Li, Fan Mu, Yuan Feng, Yang Liu, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Nov 2, 2019• 7 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2019.168000

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Multiphoton entangled states are pivotal resources for implementing optical quantum information protocols. Recently, energy-time-entangled triphotons have been observed in hot atomic ensembles. However, in these protocols, the complex fifth-order nonlinear susceptibility entailed by four- or five-level systems limits our understanding of triphoton generation. Here, to directly capture the generation mechanism of triphotons and their associated optical properties, we investigate the generation of energy-time-entangled triphotons in a six-level cold atomic ensemble. The fifth-order nonlinear susceptibility indicates the existence of two sets of spontaneous six-wave mixing in the system. Notably, triphoton generation in this system is subject to stringent timing constraints. Collectively, these characteristics give rise to threefold coincidence counts, which -- dominated by the fifth-order nonlinear susceptibility -- exhibit asymmetrically damped Rabi oscillations in the two-dimensional time domain. Furthermore, we analytically derive that the temporal correlation properties of conditional two-photon states are preserved -- a unique feature of WWW-class tripartite entanglement. These results not only lay the groundwork for the experimental preparation of triphotons using six-level systems but also provide key support for understanding the generation mechanism of triphotons involving more complex fifth-order nonlinear susceptibilities.
In quantum communication and quantum computation, adding each entangled photon leads to an exponential increase in communication and computational capabilities. Utilizing a fifth-order nonlinear process, narrow-band non-Gaussian W-triphotons are experimentally generated through the spontaneous six -wave mixing (SSWM), but the manipulation of such entangled state in the group delay regime is still lacked. For the first time, the observation of optical precursors at the triphoton level is reported through the SSWM process. By appropriately adjusting the optical depth, optical precursors are effectively separated from the main wave through utilizing the slow-light effect to manipulate the triphoton temporal correlations in the group delay regime. In biphoton and conditional two-photon, the intensity ratio between the precursor and the main wave is tunable by adjusting the detuning and power of the laser. These pivotal breakthroughs mark a significant advancement in the study of optical precursors and open new possibilities for their application in quantum technologies.