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Photon-Mediated Quantum Information Processing with Neutral Atoms in an Optical Cavity

Stephan Welte

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Artist's view of the atom-atom gate which is executed via the reflection of an optical photon (red) from the cavity.The two atoms are shown as red spheres with yellow electrons.In the background, the fluorescence image of the two atoms is shown.

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Arrays of neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as a leading platform for quantum information processing and quantum simulation due to their scalability, reconfigurable connectivity, and high-fidelity operations. Individual atoms are promising candidates for quantum networking due to their capability to emit indistinguishable photons that are entangled with their internal atomic states. Integrating atom arrays with photonic interfaces would enable distributed architectures in which nodes hosting many processing qubits could be efficiently linked together via the distribution of remote entanglement. However, many atom array techniques cease to work in close proximity to photonic interfaces, with atom detection via standard fluorescence imaging presenting a major challenge due to scattering from nearby photonic devices. Here, we demonstrate an architecture that combines atom arrays with up to 64 optical tweezers and a millimeter-scale photonic chip hosting more than 100 nanophotonic cavities. We achieve high-fidelity ( ~ 99.2%), background-free imaging in close proximity to nanofabricated cavities using a multichromatic excitation and detection scheme. The atoms can be imaged while trapped a few hundred nanometers above the dielectric surface, which we verify using Stark shift measurements of the modified trapping potential. Finally, we rearrange atoms into defect-free arrays and load them simultaneously onto the same or multiple devices.
続紙 １ ) 京都大学 博 士(理 学) 氏名 柴田 康介 論文題目 High-sensitivity in situ imaging of atoms in an optical lattice with narrow optical transitions (狭線幅光学遷移を用いた光格子中の原子の高感度その場イメージング) (論文内容の要旨)Development of laser cooling techniques in recent decades has enabled us to study neutral atoms in a quite controlled way.Cold neutral atoms have been used as a platform to study intriguing quantum many-body phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation and Bardeen-Cooper-Schriefer-Bose-Einstein condensation crossover.The excellent controllability of a cold atom system allows us precise measurements with unprecedented accuracy, which provides wide applications, such as an atomic clock.Another important application of cold atoms is quantum information processing.Internal degrees of freedom of a trapped cold atom can be regarded as a well-defined quantum bit (qubit) and quantum gate operations are realized by moderate internal or external interaction.In such cold atom research, a probing method plays an important role.In fact, one of the advantages of cold atom research is the ability to "see" atoms directly by taking images of the atoms via resonant or near-resonant light to the atoms.Among various developments in probing techniques, high-sensitivity detection is of particular importance, especially in the study of a simple system of a few atoms.While high-sensitivity detection and imaging were demonstrated with alkaline metals, there has been increasing interest on a different kind of atomic species.One attractive atomic species is ytterbium.Ytterbium is an alkaline-earth-like-metal atom and has several unique features, such as the rich variety of isotopes of two fermions and five bosons, and the existence of long-lived metastable electronic states.These features offer various possibilities in quantum many-body physics research and are also advantageous to quantum information processing as well as precision measurement.Therefore, a high-sensitivity imaging of ytterbium atoms will bring about a significant development in cold atom research.Under these backgrounds, this thesis reports on the successful demonstration of highsensitivity in situ imaging of ytterbium atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice.The applicant demonstrated fluorescence imaging of ytterbium atoms in an optical lattice using optical molasses with a narrow optical transition of the wavelength 556 nm ("green molasses"), providing the Doppler cooling limit temperature low enough compared to the typical optical lattice depths.The applicant successfully observed a spatial modulation of fluorescence intensity with a period of approximately 6 μm as a result of the interference between the lattice period of 266 nm and the period of the standing-wave optical molasses of 278 nm.This pattern indicates that the temperature was sufficiently lower than the lattice potential so that the atoms emitted fluorescent photons around the bottom of the lattice sites
Atom-photon interfaces are one of the building blocks of the future quantum information protocols. Accomplishing a strong interaction between the atom and the photons can be successfully done by high finesse and small mode volume cavities. However, this method requires sophisticated dielectric coatings and stabilization of the cavity against even small vibrations and small line width of those cavities impose higher input photon numbers if spontaneously emitted photons are to be used, which make it seem hard to scale up such atom-light interfaces to form quantum networks. An alternative method is to use a nearly concentric cavity, which has a strongly focused optical mode [1].