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Google and NASA Achieve Quantum Supremacy

Frank Tavares

Published Jan 1, 2019• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Google, in partnership with NASA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has demonstrated the ability to compute in seconds what would take even the largest and most advanced supercomputers thousands of years, achieving a milestone known as quantum supremacy.

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Google aims for quantum computing supremacy [News]

Rachel E. Courtland

Quantum computers have long held the promise of performing certain calculations that are impossible- or at least, entirely impractical-for even the most powerful conventional computers to perform. Now, researchers at a Google laboratory in Goleta, Calif., may finally be on the cusp of proving it, using the same kinds of quantum bits, or qubits, that one day could make up largescale quantum machines. By the end of this year, the team aims to increase the number of superconducting qubits it builds on integrated circuits to create a 7-by-7 array. With this quantum IC, the Google researchers aim to perform operations at the edge of what's possible with even the best supercomputers, and so demonstrate "quantum supremacy".

IEEE Spectrum•May 29, 2017•41 citations

Aggregated Control of Quantum Computations: When Stacked Architectures Are Too Good to Be Practical Soon

Alexandru Paler

Google's quantum supremacy demonstration pitted the world's largest supercomputer against a single quantum chip. A path to further scaleup may involve a large supercomputer working together withquantum chips, instead of in competition with them.

Computer•Jul 30, 2020•1 citation

IBM's Big Bet on the Quantum-Centric Supercomputer: Recent Advances Point the Way to Useful Classical-Quantum Hybrids

Ryan Mandelbaum, Antonio D. Corcoles, Jay Gambetta

Back in June 2022, Oak Ridge National Laboratory debuted Frontier—the world's most powerful super-computer. Frontier can perform a billion billion calculations per second. And yet there are computational problems that Frontier may never be able to solve in a reasonable amount of time.

IEEE Spectrum•Sep 1, 2024•8 citations

Comment on the Quantum Supremacy Claim by Google

Anirudh Reddy, Benjamin Perez-García, Adenilton José da Silva +1 more

Quantum computation promises to execute certain computational tasks on time scales much faster than any known algorithm on an existing classical computer, for example calculating the prime factors of large integers. Recently a research team from Google claimed to have carried out such a task with a quantum computer, demonstrating in practice a case of this so-called quantum supremacy. Here we argue that this claim was not justified. Unlike other comments, our criticism is concerned with the missing verification of the output data of the quantum computation.

arXiv:2108.13862•Aug 29, 2021•0 citations

Quantum Supremacy and Its Applications

Ramiz Salama, Fadi Al-Turjman

Quantum computing (QC) is often considered a field that has the ability to change a lot of things including how we address certain problems and how we perceive processes. At the same time, it was once said that it would not take long before quantum supremacy is achieved. This is a confrontational point, as several researchers are already stating that some computer problems will never be achievable by quantum computers. Particularly when people think about supremacy, they often tend to refer back to the claims that were made regarding Google's achievement. To dive into this dilemma, different dimensions of QC will need to be specified. There are several directions of interest in QC, which include but are not limited to cryptography, quantum simulation, computer-aided design, and finally quantum key distribution. It is worth noticing that those will not be very helpful in useful satellites or in Global Positioning System (GPS) systems, for instance. However, there are infinitely many satellites sending signals from multiple points into a system and computers trying to pull that off. What is necessary is a somewhat decentralized computer that collects all of this data together and then implements the software required to process this information. Apparently, when and if quantum supremacy is reached, it will allow for solving projects that are today considered impossible or solve them much faster than was ever possible before.

Auerbach Publications eBooks•Feb 24, 2026•0 citations

Overview of Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computer Projects

Sergei Voronin

"Quantum supremacy" is such a level of performance of a quantum computer that it provides solutions to problems requiring practically unattainable power from conventional supercomputers. As of today, quantum supremacy is achieved only on some model tasks by several quantum computers, but the development of quantum computing is going on all over the world. The development of quantum computing includes not only the creation of quantum computers, but also the creation of infrastructure for access to computing power, the development of software, and the capability to use quantum computers together with conventional supercomputers. The countries in which these laboratories have been formed have become leaders in the field of quantum computing. Quantum computer laboratories focus on the development, modeling, integration, and adaptation of practical applications for the new quantum computer. The presentation of the first quantum computer is an important milestone. This is not a one-off initiative, but part of a broad strategy for promoting breakthrough technologies in various fields. All these efforts are part of an international strategic plan for the development of quantum computing aimed at maintaining the technological leadership of developers, preserving the competitiveness of high-tech industry, and ensuring the sustainable economic growth of smart technologies.

Intellectual Archive•Oct 22, 2025•0 citations
Quantum computers have long held the promise of performing certain calculations that are impossible- or at least, entirely impractical-for even the most powerful conventional computers to perform. Now, researchers at a Google laboratory in Goleta, Calif., may finally be on the cusp of proving it, using the same kinds of quantum bits, or qubits, that one day could make up largescale quantum machines. By the end of this year, the team aims to increase the number of superconducting qubits it builds on integrated circuits to create a 7-by-7 array. With this quantum IC, the Google researchers aim to perform operations at the edge of what's possible with even the best supercomputers, and so demonstrate "quantum supremacy".
Quantum computation promises to execute certain computational tasks on time scales much faster than any known algorithm on an existing classical computer, for example calculating the prime factors of large integers. Recently a research team from Google claimed to have carried out such a task with a quantum computer, demonstrating in practice a case of this so-called quantum supremacy. Here we argue that this claim was not justified. Unlike other comments, our criticism is concerned with the missing verification of the output data of the quantum computation.
Quantum computing (QC) is often considered a field that has the ability to change a lot of things including how we address certain problems and how we perceive processes. At the same time, it was once said that it would not take long before quantum supremacy is achieved. This is a confrontational point, as several researchers are already stating that some computer problems will never be achievable by quantum computers. Particularly when people think about supremacy, they often tend to refer back to the claims that were made regarding Google's achievement. To dive into this dilemma, different dimensions of QC will need to be specified. There are several directions of interest in QC, which include but are not limited to cryptography, quantum simulation, computer-aided design, and finally quantum key distribution. It is worth noticing that those will not be very helpful in useful satellites or in Global Positioning System (GPS) systems, for instance. However, there are infinitely many satellites sending signals from multiple points into a system and computers trying to pull that off. What is necessary is a somewhat decentralized computer that collects all of this data together and then implements the software required to process this information. Apparently, when and if quantum supremacy is reached, it will allow for solving projects that are today considered impossible or solve them much faster than was ever possible before.
"Quantum supremacy" is such a level of performance of a quantum computer that it provides solutions to problems requiring practically unattainable power from conventional supercomputers. As of today, quantum supremacy is achieved only on some model tasks by several quantum computers, but the development of quantum computing is going on all over the world. The development of quantum computing includes not only the creation of quantum computers, but also the creation of infrastructure for access to computing power, the development of software, and the capability to use quantum computers together with conventional supercomputers. The countries in which these laboratories have been formed have become leaders in the field of quantum computing. Quantum computer laboratories focus on the development, modeling, integration, and adaptation of practical applications for the new quantum computer. The presentation of the first quantum computer is an important milestone. This is not a one-off initiative, but part of a broad strategy for promoting breakthrough technologies in various fields. All these efforts are part of an international strategic plan for the development of quantum computing aimed at maintaining the technological leadership of developers, preserving the competitiveness of high-tech industry, and ensuring the sustainable economic growth of smart technologies.