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Journal of Physics Conference Series

An arbitrated quantum signature protocol using rotation and permutation operators

Kai Wen, Shihui Zheng, Bin Sun

Published Oct 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The existing improved arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) protocols still have some security problems. First, the security of one AQS protocol is analysed, including existential forgery attack and the signer’s disavowal attack. To resist these attacks, a novel AQS protocol using rotation and permutation operators is proposed. And the analysis shows that the protocol can resist all the known forgery attacks and the signer’s disavowal attacks.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1324/1/012005

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Abstract The existing improved arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) protocols still have some security problems. First, the security of one AQS protocol is analysed, including existential forgery attack and the signer’s disavowal attack. To resist these attacks, a novel AQS protocol using rotation and permutation operators is proposed. And the analysis shows that the protocol can resist all the known forgery attacks and the signer’s disavowal attacks.
As a new model for signing quantum messages, arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) has recently received a lot of attention. In this paper we study the cryptanalysis of previous AQS protocols from the aspects of forgery and disavowal. We show that in these protocols the receiver, Bob, can realize existential forgery of the sender's signature under known message attack. Bob can even achieve universal forgery when the protocols are used to sign a classical message. Furthermore, the sender, Alice, can successfully disavow any of her signatures by simple attack. The attack strategies are described in detail and some discussions about the potential improvements of the protocols are given. Finally we also present several interesting topics on AQS protocols that can be studied in future.
Arbitrated quantum signatures (AQS), for signing quantum message, have been proposed. It was claimed that the AQS schemes could guarantee unconditional security. However, in this paper, we show that all the presented AQS protocols are insecure if quantum one-time pad encryption is used where the signer Alice can always successfully acquire Bob's secret key and disavow any of her signatures. The detailed attack strategies and security analysis are described. Furthermore, the original version of the protocols is revised and accordingly the security of the AQS protocols are improved. And meanwhile we present a method to against Alice's disavowal proposed by Gao et al. (arXiv:1106.4398v1).
Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of arbitrated quantum signature (AQS). Among these studies, the cryptanalysis of some AQS protocols and a series of improved ideas have been proposed. Compared with the previous analysis, we present a security criterion, which can judge whether an AQS protocol is able to prevent the receiver (i.e. one participant in the signature protocol) from forging a legal signature. According to our results, it can be seen that most AQS protocols which are based on the Zeng and Keitel (ZK) model are susceptible to a forgery attack. Furthermore, we present an improved idea of the ZK protocol. Finally, some supplement discussions and several interesting topics are provided.
Arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) schemes use quantum cryptography to ensure their security, and the schemes provide that the signature receiver verifies the signature with the arbitrator's assistance.Very recently, Gao and Choi found in some previous AQS schemes, the receiver, Bob can counterfeit the signer's signature under known message.Additionally, the paper gives the security analysis of the AQS scheme, and results show that not only the receiver, but also the attacker can forge the signature in the AQS scheme.Furthermore, the signer can successfully disavow any message she ever signed.To conquer these shortcomings, this paper gives a new AQS scheme without quantum entangled state; it uses special quantum logic gate and new quantum one-time pads to ensure its security.Compares with other previous AQS schemes, the new scheme has following advantages: (1) the new scheme guarantees the receiver and the attacker cannot forge the signature; (2) Because the new scheme does not use quantum entangled states, so it can reduce the complexity of implementation and provides a higher efficiency in transmission; (3) The receiver, Bob has verified the signature's integrity, so Alice cannot disavow her having signed message.
Abstract For signing quantum messages, the arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) has been widely investigated to date. However, most of the existing AQS protocols are susceptible to different aspects of disavowal and forgery attacks due to the use of quantum one time pad (QOTP) encryption featuring the encryption manner with qubit by qubit and the commutative property of Pauli operations. We develop an AQS protocol with boson sampling-based random unitary encryption. The unique encryption is used to encrypt the message copy (ciphertext) to produce the signature, which can circumvent the drawbacks of the QOTP encryption and stand against the signer Alice’s disavowal and the verifier Bob’s forgery attacks including existential forgery under known message attacks. The employment of a random array via the public board can prevent Bob’s repudiation attacks on the receipt and the integrality of the signature. The quantum walk-based teleportation is applied to teleport the message copy from Alice to Bob, which can avoid preparing the essential entanglement resource beforehand. Security analyses and discussions show that our AQS protocol is with impossibility of disavowal from Alice and Bob and impossibility of forgery from anyone.
Here, The new arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) protocol assisted by asymmetric key based on qubit block encryption algorithm is given. Interestingly, our protocol with the asymmetric key can be easily extended to multi-party verification. Unlike all previous quantum works on arbitrated quantum signature, the encryption algorithm of the pre-sented protocol is qubit block encryption. Since, the proposed protocol has a better performance in resisting existential forgery attack. In addi-tion, with the help of the arbitrator, it can be proved that our protocol is secure.