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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Short-Wave Infrared Correlated Photons from Silicon Waveguides

Lawrence M. Rosenfeld, Dominic A. Sulway, Mark G. Thompson, John Rarity, Joshua W. Silverstone

Published Jun 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum technologies that harness the properties of superposition and entanglement promise to revolutionise many fields, from information processing to metrology. Silicon-integrated quantum photonics operating in the telecom band suffers from deleterious two-photon absorption (TPA) [1,2]. Cross-TPA reduces the brightness and ultimately the heralding efficiency [3] of spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) photon-pair sources, where single photons necessarily co-propagate with a bright pump. Nonlinear losses can be mitigated by pumping and generating photons with energies close to and beyond silicon's two-photon band edge [4,5]. We report the first quantum-correlated photon pairs in the 2.1 μm short-wave infrared (SWIR) band, produced on-chip from a silicon waveguide spiral.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872537

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Quantum technologies that harness the properties of superposition and entanglement promise to revolutionise many fields, from information processing to metrology. Silicon-integrated quantum photonics operating in the telecom band suffers from deleterious two-photon absorption (TPA) [1,2]. Cross-TPA reduces the brightness and ultimately the heralding efficiency [3] of spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) photon-pair sources, where single photons necessarily co-propagate with a bright pump. Nonlinear losses can be mitigated by pumping and generating photons with energies close to and beyond silicon's two-photon band edge [4,5]. We report the first quantum-correlated photon pairs in the 2.1 μm short-wave infrared (SWIR) band, produced on-chip from a silicon waveguide spiral.
Quantum silicon photonics must overcome considerable loss engineering challenges before it can scale to the millions of physical qubits required for fault tolerant quantum computation [1] . The first such challenge is the intrinsic two-photon absorption (TPA), present in silicon at telecommunications wavelengths. This places fundamental limits on the heralding or Klyshko efficiency of silicon photon-pair sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) [2] . We have recently shown that by moving to a pump wavelength beyond 2-microns, in the mid-infrared (MIR), TPA in silicon can be curtailed, and by using 340-nm thick silicon waveguides, phase matching can be achieved for efficient SFWM [2] .
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Correlated photon pairs at 1.5μm are generated in a silicon wire waveguide (SWW) with a length of only 1.6mm. Experimental results show that the single-side count rates on both sides increase quadratically with pump light, indicating that photons are generated from the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) processes. The quantum correlation property of the generated photons is demonstrated by the ratio between coincident and accidental coincident count rates. The highest ratio measured at room temperature is to be about 19, showing that generated photon pairs have strong quantum correlation property and low noise. What is more, the wavelength correlation property of the coincident count is also measured to demonstrate the correlated photon pair generation. The experimental results demonstrate that SWWs have great potential in on-chip integrated low-noise correlated photon pair sources at 1.5 μm.