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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Frequency-Domain Linear Interferometer with Spectrally Shaped Photons

Aruto Hosaka, Fumihiko Kannari, Masaya Tomita, Yoshiaki Tsujimoto, Shintaro Niimura, Akihito Omi, Kentaro Wakui, Mikio Fujiwara, Yutaka Shikano, Masahiro Takeoka

Published Jun 1, 2019• 0 citations

Abstract

Beam splitters and phase shifters compose linear photonic circuits and are the most fundamental elements in photon-based quantum information processing. While integration of these linear components on a chip for spatial modes has been dramatically developed in recent years [1], there is another approach for integrated quantum circuits : wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The degrees of freedom of light allow photons exhibiting different wavelengths to exist independently in the same space, therefore using such characteristics can allow further integrating of photons and modes in a small space.

DOI: 10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871731

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Beam splitters and phase shifters compose linear photonic circuits and are the most fundamental elements in photon-based quantum information processing. While integration of these linear components on a chip for spatial modes has been dramatically developed in recent years [1], there is another approach for integrated quantum circuits : wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The degrees of freedom of light allow photons exhibiting different wavelengths to exist independently in the same space, therefore using such characteristics can allow further integrating of photons and modes in a small space.

Photonic quantum computing is a strong contender in the race to fault-tolerance. Recent proposals using qubits encoded in frequency modes promise a large reduction in hardware footprint, and have garnered much attention. In this encoding, linear optics, i.e., beam splitters and phase shifters, is necessarily not energy-conserving, and is costly to implement. In this work, we present designs of frequency-mode beam splitters based on modulated arrays of coupled resonators. We develop a methodology to construct their effective transfer matrices based on the SLH formalism for quantum input-output networks. Our methodology is flexible and highly composable, allowing us to define

N

-mode beam splitters either natively based on arrays of

N

-resonators of arbitrary connectivity or as networks of interconnected

l

-mode beam splitters, with

l<N

. We apply our methodology to analyze a two-resonator device, a frequency-domain phase shifter and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer obtained from composing these devices, a four-resonator device, and present a formal no-go theorem on the possibility of natively generating certain

N

-mode frequency-domain beam splitters with arrays of

N

-resonators.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for interfering frequency-multiplexed photonic quantum states without the use of optical nonlinear effects, and experimentally demonstrate this technique via frequency-domain Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. By cascading the generation of quantum states onto arbitrary orthogonal modes, we can induce interference across any desired frequency mode. Following the generation of quantum states onto the frequency modes, performing measurements in independent frequency bands enables the realisation of a frequency-domain linear optical circuit analogous to linear interference in the spatial domain. We successfully demonstrated programmable quantum interference by controlling the spectral mode functions and measurement bases. Our method offers a new approach to harness the full potential of light's temporal-frequency degrees of freedom, providing a path towards scalable and programmable photonic quantum computing architectures without the need for optical nonlinearities or spatial-mode beam splitters.

We propose a scheme capable of performing complete Bell-state analysis for a single-photon hybrid entangled state. Our single-photon state is encoded in both polarization and frequency degrees of freedom. The setup of the scheme is composed of polarizing beam splitters, half wave plates, frequency shifters, and independent wavelength division multiplexers, which are feasible using current technology. We also show that with this setup we can perform complete two-photon Bell-state analysis schemes for polarization degrees of freedom. Moreover, it can also be used to perform the teleportation scheme between different degrees of freedom. This setup may allow extensive applications in current quantum communications.