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Reviews in Mathematical Physics

Compositions of states and observables in Fock spaces

Laurent Amour, Lisette Jager, Jean Nourrigat

Published Oct 18, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This article is concerned with compositions in the context of three standard quantizations in the framework of Fock spaces, namely, anti-Wick, Wick and Weyl quantizations. The first one is a composition of states also known as a Wick product and is closely related to the standard scattering identification operator encountered in Quantum Electrodynamics for issues on time dynamics (see [ 29 , 13 ]). Anti-Wick quantization and Segal–Bargmann transforms are implied here for that purpose. The other compositions are for observables (operators in some specific classes) for the Wick and Weyl symbols. For the Wick and Weyl symbols of the composition of two operators, we obtain an absolutely converging series and for the Weyl symbol, the remainder terms up to any orders of the expansion are controlled, still in the Fock space framework.

DOI
10.1142/s0129055x20500129

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This article is concerned with compositions in the context of three standard quantizations in the framework of Fock spaces, namely, anti-Wick, Wick and Weyl quantizations. The first one is a composition of states also known as a Wick product and is closely related to the standard scattering identification operator encountered in Quantum Electrodynamics for issues on time dynamics (see [ 29 , 13 ]). Anti-Wick quantization and Segal–Bargmann transforms are implied here for that purpose. The other compositions are for observables (operators in some specific classes) for the Wick and Weyl symbols. For the Wick and Weyl symbols of the composition of two operators, we obtain an absolutely converging series and for the Weyl symbol, the remainder terms up to any orders of the expansion are controlled, still in the Fock space framework.
This article is concerned with compositions in the context of three standard quantizations in the Fock space framework, namely, anti-Wick, Wick and Weyl quantizations. The first one is a composition of states and is closely related to the standard scattering identification operator encountered in Quantum Electrodynamics for time dynamics issues. Anti-Wick quantization and Segal Bargmann transforms are implied there for that purpose. The other compositions are for observables (operators in some specific classes) for the Wick and Weyl symbols. For the Wick symbol of the composition of two operators, we obtain an absolutely converging series, and for the Weyl symbol, the remainder term of the asymptotic expansion is absolutely converging, still in the Fock spaces framework.
In a first part we give a brief presentation of general Fock space setting to describe quantum field theory. Bosons are quantum particles with integer spin and have symmetric wave functions; Fermions are quantum particles with half-integer spin and are represented by anti-symmetric wave functions. The functional setting is given by a symmetric or anti-symmetric tensor product of Hilbert spaces. We describe these spaces and transformations between these spaces. We shall follow the references [23, 42]. Coherent states are defined by translating the vacuum states with the Weyl operators. This is easily done here for bosons. We shall see in the next chapter how to deal with fermions. In a second part we give an interesting application of bosonic coherent states to the study of the classical limit as ℏ↘0\hbar \searrow 0ℏ↘0 of non-relativistic boson systems with two body interaction in the neighborhood of a solution of the classical system (here the Hartree equation). The classical limit corresponds here to the mean-field limit as the number of particles goes to infinity. As we have done for finite systems, we use here Hepp’s method, which is a linearization procedure of the quantum Hamiltonian around the classical field. The fluctuations around this solution are controlled by a purely quadratic Hamiltonian. In a series of several important papers [114–116] Ginibre and Velo have proven an asymptotic expansion and remainder estimates for these quantum fluctuations. Finally, following the paper [225] one can show that, in the limit ℏ→0\hbar \rightarrow 0ℏ→0, the marginal distribution of the time-evolved coherent states tends in trace-norm to the projector onto the solution of the classical fields equation (Hartree equation) with a uniform remainder estimates in time.
The Fock space of bosons and fermions and its underlying superalgebra are represented by algebras of functions on a superspace. We define Gaussian integration on infinite-dimensional superspaces, and construct super-analogs of the classical function spaces with a reproducing kernel — including the Bargmann–Fock representation — and of the Wiener–Segal representation. The latter representation requires the investigation of Wick ordering on Z2-graded algebras. As application we derive a Mehler formula for the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup on the Fock space.