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Quantum Electronics

Population gratings produced in a quantum system by a pair of sub-cycle pulses

Rostislav M. Arkhipov, Mikhail V. Arkhipov, A. V. Pakhomov, Nikolay N. Rosanov

Published Oct 1, 2019• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Possible generation of light-induced harmonic population gratings in a quantum system by two half-cycle pulses is studied using the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation. The case is considered where the duration of pulses is shorter than the resonance transition periods in the system and the pulses do not overlap in the medium. The grating modulation depth is determined by the pulse electric area.

DOI
10.1070/qel17024

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Abstract Possible generation of light-induced harmonic population gratings in a quantum system by two half-cycle pulses is studied using the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation. The case is considered where the duration of pulses is shorter than the resonance transition periods in the system and the pulses do not overlap in the medium. The grating modulation depth is determined by the pulse electric area.
Abstract In a fixed spectral range, single- and half-cycle electromagnetic pulses have the shortest duration. Half-cycle pulses are promising tools for ultrafast control of quantum systems. Previously, the possibility of using a sequence of single- and half-cycle attosecond pulses to generate and ultrafast control light-induced population difference gratings has been demonstrated. However, such studies have been carried out using different approximations, such as the sudden perturbation theory and the two-level model for the resonant medium. In this paper, based on the numerical solution of constitutive equations for elements of the density matrix and wave equation it is shown that it is possible to generate and control population gratings in a three-level medium without using the approximation of sudden perturbations used in previous studies. It is shown that taking into account the additional level of the medium does not lead to a violation of the effect of generating such gratings. This extends the applicability of previous results.
In a fixed spectral range, single- and half-cycle electromagnetic pulses have the shortest duration. Half-cycle pulses are promising tools for ultrafast control of quantum systems. Previously, the possibility of using a sequence of single- and half-cycle attosecond pulses to generate and ultrafast control light-induced population difference gratings has been demonstrated. However, such studies have been carried out using different approximations. For example, when the medium is modelled in the two-level approximation. In this paper, based on the numerical solution of the system of Maxwell-Bloch equations, it is shown that it is possible to generate and control population gratings in a three-level medium without using the approximations used in previous studies. It is shown that taking into account the additional level of the medium does not lead to a violation of the effect of generating such gratings. This extends the applicability of previous results.
Abstract Recently, the possibility of obtaining non-harmonic unipolar electromagnetic pulses with a specific electric field strength’s dependence on time (e.g. a rectangular pulse) has been actively discussed in optics. Unipolar pulses have a nonzero electric area and a wide spectrum: from zero frequency up to the visible region. This could open up wide application of such pulses, for example, for faster and more efficient control of the quantum systems’ properties with a high temporal resolution compared to conventional bipolar multicycle pulses. In this paper, based on an approximate solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation and a numerical solution of the equation system for the density matrix, we show the possibility of creating electromagnetically induced population density gratings in an atomic medium using a pair of unipolar rectangular attosecond light pulses that do not overlap in the medium. The formation of such gratings can be explained on the basis of the concept of ‘interference’ of electric pulse areas, recently introduced into optics.
Recently, the possibility of the generation and interaction of unipolar half-cycle electromagnetic pulses with quantum systems has been the subject of active research. Such pulses can find many different and interesting applications. They are able to excite quantum systems very fast. Based on the numerical solution of Maxwell-Bloch equations, this paper studies theoretically the possibility of guiding and ultrafast controlling population difference gratings by a sequence of half-cycle attosecond pulses in a three-level resonant medium. The parameters of the model medium (transition frequencies and transition dipole moments) match those in a hydrogen atom. We show the possibility of guiding periodic gratings and dynamic microcavities on different resonant transitions in the medium. We also consider the superradiance of polarization waves and atomic gratings produced by half-cycle pulses.
Abstract We study the possibility of creating gratings of populations in a gas of hydrogen atoms using a pair of UV attosecond pulses that do not overlap in the medium. In this case, the central frequency of the pulses can either coincide with the frequency of the 1–2 resonant transition from the ground state to the first excited state (the main line of the Lyman series), or be detuned from it. The values of numerically calculated quantities agree with those obtained analytically from the solution of an approximate Schrödinger equation in perturbation theory. We show that, upon resonant excitation, the greatest creation efficiency of gratings is achieved with increasing pulse duration. In the case of nonresonant excitation, on the contrary, the system is excited more efficiently by short quasi-unipolar subcycle pulses than by bipolar multicycle once. The obtained results can be applied to coherent excitation of a single atom (thin layer) using a pair of UV pulses. We show that the modulation depth of gratings can be controlled by changing the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of UV attosecond pulses.