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Science

Protecting the quantum

Ian S. Osborne

Published Sep 26, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Physics Robust, fast, and with the capability of traveling vast distances, single photons are ideal carriers of quantum information. However, for on-chip applications, the photons inevitably interact with the surrounding medium and can be lost, which is perhaps even more true for delicate entangled photons where the nonclassical correlations between the photons can fizzle out. Recent developments have shown that topology can provide protection for photons and entangled photons against dissipation and disorder. Wang et al. demonstrate an integrated photonic chip approach in which the quantum correlations between two-photon states is given topological protection. A specially designed and fabricated photonic crystal provides topological boundary states within which the quantum correlations between entangled photons are maintained. Optica 6 , 955 (2019).

DOI
10.1126/science.365.6460.1415-c

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Quantum Physics
Robust, fast, and with the capability of traveling vast distances, single photons are ideal carriers of quantum information. However, for on-chip applications, the photons inevitably interact with the surrounding medium and can be lost, which is perhaps even more true for delicate entangled photons where the nonclassical correlations between the photons can fizzle out. Recent developments have shown that topology can provide protection for photons and entangled photons against dissipation and disorder. Wang et al. demonstrate an integrated photonic chip approach in which the quantum correlations between two-photon states is given topological protection. A specially designed and fabricated photonic crystal provides topological boundary states within which the quantum correlations between entangled photons are maintained.
Optica 6 , 955 (2019).
Quantum Optics Photons are readily generated, are fast and can travel vast distances, and are ideal carriers of quantum information. Practical applications, such as quantum computing, will likely be based on an optical-chip platform and require the manipulation of multiphoton states. The inevitable scattering and loss of photons in such a platform would be detrimental for application. Blanco-Redondo et al. show how a specially designed optical circuit based on topology can offer protection for propagating biphoton states. The results show that topological design consideration could provide the desired robustness required for quantum optical circuitry. Science , this issue p. [568][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4296
Low-decoherence regime plays a key role in constructing multi-particle quantum systems and has therefore been constantly pursued in order to build quantum simulators and quantum computers in a scalable fashion. Quantum error correction and quantum topological computing have been proved being able to protect quantumness but haven't been experimentally realized yet. Recently, topological boundary states are found inherently stable and are capable of protecting physical fields from dissipation and disorder, which inspires the application of such a topological protection on quantum correlation. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of topological protection of two-photon quantum states on a photonic chip. By analyzing the quantum correlation of photons out from the topologically nontrivial boundary state, we obtain a high cross-correlation and a strong violation of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality up to 30 standard deviations. Our results, together with our integrated implementation, provide an alternative way of protecting quantumness, and may inspire many more explorations in 'quantum topological photonics', a crossover between topological photonics and quantum information.
Low-decoherence regime plays a key role in constructing multi-particle quantum systems and has therefore been constantly pursued in order to build quantum simulators and quantum computers in a scalable fashion. Quantum error correction and quantum topological computing have been proved being able to protect quantumness but haven't been experimentally realized yet. Recently, topological boundary states are found inherently stable and are capable of protecting physical fields from dissipation and disorder, which inspires the application of such a topological protection on quantum correlation. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of topological protection of two-photon quantum states on a photonic chip. By analyzing the quantum correlation of photons out from the topologically nontrivial boundary state, we obtain a high cross-correlation and a strong violation of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality up to 30 standard deviations. Our results, together with our integrated implementation, provide an alternative way of protecting quantumness, and may inspire many more explorations in 'quantum topological photonics', a crossover between topological photonics and quantum information.
Topological protection offers a robust solution to the challenges of noise and loss in physical systems. By integrating topological physics into optics, loading and encoding quantum states into topological invariants can provide resilience to information systems in the face of environmental disruptions. Here, we demonstrate on-chip loading and entanglement-assisted transfer of photon topology, where the topological structure is coherently encoded in a single-photon spin-textured quantum state, which can be transferred, through entanglement distribution, into a non-local quantum-correlated topology shared between two entangled photons. Throughout the transfer process, the topology remains protected against substantial background noise as well as isotropic and anisotropic disturbances, while quantum correlations persist. Our framework for loading and transferring topology is compatible with quantum teleportation when ancillary photons are introduced, thereby promising the development of distributed quantum systems with inherently secure and protected information channels. This approach serves as a step toward building robust quantum interconnects and advancing distributed quantum information technology mediated by topology.
Quantum entanglement, as the strictly non-classical phenomena, is the kernel of quantum computing and quantum simulation, and has been widely applied ranging from fundamental tests of quantum physics to quantum information processing. The decoherence of quantum states restricts the capability of building quantum simulators and quantum computers in a scalable fashion. Meanwhile, the topological phase is found inherently capable of protecting physical fields from unavoidable fabrication-induced disorder, which inspires the potential application of topological protection on quantum states. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of topologically protected quantum polarization entangled states on a photonic chip. The process tomography shows that quantum entanglement can be well preserved by the boundary states even when the chip material substantially introduces relative polarization rotation in phase space. Our work links topology, material and quantum physics, opening the door to wide applications of topological enhancement in genuine quantum regime.
Quantum entanglement, as the strictly non-classical phenomenon, is the kernel of quantum computing and quantum simulation, and has been widely applied ranging from fundamental tests of quantum physics to quantum information processing. Meanwhile, the topological phase is found inherently capable of protecting physical fields from unavoidable fabrication-induced disorder, which inspires the potential application of topological protection to quantum states. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of topologically protected quantum entangled states on a photonic chip. The process tomography shows that quantum entanglement can be well preserved by the topological states even when the chip material introduces disorder and relative polarization rotation in phase space. Our work links the fields of materials, topological science and quantum physics, opening the door to wide applications of topological enhancement in quantum regime.