Information Conservational Security with “Black Hole” Keypad Compression and Scalable One-Time Pad—An Analytical Quantum Intelligence Approach to Pre-and Post-Quantum Cryptography
Although it is widely deemed impossible to overcome the information theoretic optimality of the one-time pad (OTP) cipher in pre-and post-quantum cryptography, this work shows that the optimality of information theoretic security (ITS) of OTP is paradoxical from the perspective of information conservational computing and cryptography. To prove this point, ITS of OTP is extended to information conservational security (ICS) of scalable OTP (S-OTP) with percentage-based key extension where total key length can be reduced to a condensed tiny minimum through “black hole” keypad compression coupled with “big bang” data recov-ery. The cost is a limited 25%+ increase in total data length and network traffic; the gain is to makes the transmission of long messages possible without weakening ITS/OTP. It is proven that if ITS/OTP were optimal, ICS/S-OTP would be impossible; on the other hand, if ICS/S-OTP were not information theoretically secure, ITS/OTP would not be secure either. Thus, we have a proof by contradiction on the paradoxical nature of OTP optimality. It is further proven that a summation with percentage distribution is a special case of equilibrium-based bipolar quantum cellular automata. This proof bridges a classical world with a quantum world and makes it possible to combine the advantages of both approaches for pre-and post-quantum cryptography. It is suggested that the findings of this work form an analytical paradigm of quantum intelligence machinery toward perfect information conservational security. Some mysteries in nature and science are identified. In particular, the question is posted: Could modern science have been like a well-founded building with a floor of observable beings and truths but missing its roof for equilibrium, harmony, information conservation, and logically definable causality?.
Although it is widely deemed impossible to overcome the information theoretic optimality of the one-time pad (OTP) cipher in pre-and post-quantum cryptography, this work shows that the optimality of information theoretic security (ITS) of OTP is paradoxical from the perspective of information conservational computing and cryptography. To prove this point, ITS of OTP is extended to information conservational security (ICS) of scalable OTP (S-OTP) with percentage-based key extension where total key length can be reduced to a condensed tiny minimum through “black hole” keypad compression coupled with “big bang” data recov-ery. The cost is a limited 25%+ increase in total data length and network traffic; the gain is to makes the transmission of long messages possible without weakening ITS/OTP. It is proven that if ITS/OTP were optimal, ICS/S-OTP would be impossible; on the other hand, if ICS/S-OTP were not information theoretically secure, ITS/OTP would not be secure either. Thus, we have a proof by contradiction on the paradoxical nature of OTP optimality. It is further proven that a summation with percentage distribution is a special case of equilibrium-based bipolar quantum cellular automata. This proof bridges a classical world with a quantum world and makes it possible to combine the advantages of both approaches for pre-and post-quantum cryptography. It is suggested that the findings of this work form an analytical paradigm of quantum intelligence machinery toward perfect information conservational security. Some mysteries in nature and science are identified. In particular, the question is posted: Could modern science have been like a well-founded building with a floor of observable beings and truths but missing its roof for equilibrium, harmony, information conservation, and logically definable causality?.
In quantum key distribution (QKD), public discussion over the authenticated classical channel inevitably leaks information about the raw key to a potential adversary, which must later be mitigated by privacy amplification. To limit this leakage, a one-time pad (OTP) has been proposed to protect message exchanges in various settings. Building on the security proof of Tomamichel and Leverrier, which is based on a non-asymptotic framework and considers the effects of finite resources, we extend the analysis to the OTP-protected scheme. We show that when the OTP key is drawn from the entropy pool of the same QKD session, the achievable quantum key rate is identical to that of the reference protocol with unprotected error-correction exchange. This equivalence holds for a fixed security level, defined via the diamond distance between the real and ideal protocols modeled as completely positive trace-preserving maps. At the same time, the proposed approach reduces the computational requirements: for non-interactive low-density parity-check codes, the encoding problem size is reduced by the square of the syndrome length, while privacy amplification requires less compression. The technique preserves security, avoids the use of QKD keys between sessions, and has the potential to improve performance.
The classical limitation of one-time-pad (OTP) cryptography is the key-distribution problem: to send n bits of plaintext, the parties must already share n bits of pre-distributed key. Once the pad is exhausted, the parties must meet again to exchange new pad material. This is widely viewed as making pure OTP impractical for sustained communication. We present a protocol that resolves this limitation: once an initial pad of size N is shared in person, subsequent pad material is generated by one party from a true-random source and transmitted as encrypted payload over the existing OTP channel itself. The receiver decrypts using existing pad and appends the recovered random bytes to its local pad. Net pad balance after a refill operation is unchanged — bytes of old pad are spent to deliver an equal number of bytes of new pad — but the new material is fresh, secret, and uncompromised. We prove inductively that information-theoretic security of the new pad is preserved across arbitrary refill chains. The result is a protocol with all the security guarantees of classical OTP and none of its practical key-distribution limitation, given a single in-person bootstrap.
Modern cryptography offers three goals of Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability, known as CIA triad. Confidentiality of any message or communication is secrecy of its content. All the modern cryptosystems provide cryptographic secrecy and not perfect secrecy. Two ingredients of perfect secrecy are truly random source and secure communication channel. Both are available in quantum computing paradigm. However, Quantum Computers are not yet commercially available. Certain time-tested cryptographic techniques in classical computing can be combined with principles of quantum computing to to achieve the goal of perfect secrecy. Theoretically, One Time Pad (OTP) is proven to be unconditionally secure. The paper suggests an hybrid approach to cryptography by generating OTP using quantum superposition states. The results of OTP generation are corroborated with theoretical values. The OTP so generated by realization of the suggested approach on a classical system is found to pass the test for randomness.
As we move further into the era of digital transformation, cloud services are becoming a cornerstone across industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and Industry 4.0. These sectors increasingly rely on cloud environments to collect, process, and store vast amounts of data, often integrated with smart devices. While ensuring high availability and efficiency remains vital, the paramount concern is maintaining data security. This challenge becomes even more pressing in a world where quantum computers pose a serious threat to traditional cryptographic methods. Classical encryption schemes, particularly those relying on computational hardness assumptions, are susceptible to quantum attacks. This paper proposes a solution by combining the theoretically unbreakable One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption with quantum-safe key exchange protocols. Through the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptographic techniques, we outline a robust framework designed to secure communication in the coming quantum era.
The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional cryptographic schemes, which rely on computational hardness assumptions vulnerable to quantum algorithms. While post-quantum cryptography (PQC) focuses on developing new computationally secure primitives, the ultimate goal of perfect secrecy, rooted in Shannon's information theory, demands a re-evaluation. This paper explores the landscape of information-theoretic security (ITS) in post-quantum regimes, moving beyond the classical Shannon limit. We review foundational concepts of ITS, including the one-time pad and its implications for perfect secrecy, and examine how quantum adversaries challenge these notions. The work delves into various approaches to achieve ITS against quantum attacks, including quantum key distribution (QKD) as a primary example, and investigates the potential for information-theoretic security from classical physical layer properties enhanced by quantum mechanics. We discuss the limitations and practical challenges of implementing such schemes, as well as the theoretical implications. This paper proposes a textit{Hybrid Information-Theoretic and Computationally Secure Architecture (HITCSA)} as a novel framework for integrating robust PQC with information-theoretically secure primitives, providing a comprehensive overview of the theoretical underpinnings and practical considerations for achieving truly secure communication in a quantum-threatened world.
So far, quantum key distribution (QKD) has been the main subject in the field of quantum cryptography, but that is not quantum cryptographic communication, it is only the ability to send keys for cryptographic purposes. To complete cryptographic communication, a technique for encrypting data is necessary, and the conventional cryptographic technique of mathematical symmetric key cipher or One Time Pad (OTP) is adopted in the discussion so far. However, OTP is not the ultimate cipher for data encryption, because it does not satisfy security conditions in the modern cryptology. Around 2000, a new quantum stream cipher was proposed as a technique to challenge the possibility of overcoming drawbacks of OTP in practical use. Recently, we have published some review papers on it in Entropy (Open access journal), and others. This paper introduces an overview and a back ground of our paper that is entitled Quantum stream cipher based on Holevo-Yuen theory.