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The U.S. National Quantum Initiative

Paul Stimers

Published Sep 24, 2019• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recognizing the potential impact of quantum technology, the U.S. government has enacted legislation to coordinate and accelerate U.S. quantum research and development. This article provides an inside look at the National Quantum Initiative Act and current U.S. quantum policy.
DOI
10.1109/mc.2019.2930795

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Quantum technology exploits the unique quantum features of superposition, entanglement, and fundamental metrology metrics in order to create new opportunities in secure communication, high-precision sensing, and revolutionary computers. Quantum technology may eventually underlie a whole new technological infrastructure, much as the semiconductor revolution changed everything in last half of the 20th century. This paper summarizes the motivations and goals for the National Quantum Initiative (NQI) in the United States, and describes some of the processes that led to the introduction and passage of legislation in the US Congress to create the NQI.
Quantum technologies are increasingly recognized as a disruptive frontier that will shape the next generation of industrial strategies. Developments in quantum computing, communication, and sensing promise not only technical breakthroughs but also significant economic and geopolitical consequences. Quantum computing can accelerate drug discovery, materials research, and complex optimization, while quantum communication opens new possibilities for secure data transfer beyond the reach of classical encryption. According to European Commission Reports and National Quantum Initiative Act, leading economies are already investing heavily: the European Union has committed over €1 billion to its Quantum Flagship program, while the United States launched the National Quantum Initiative Act in 2018 to coordinate research and industrial applications. These initiatives underscore the strategic nature of the field. For industrial policy, they also raise important questions: How should governments design roadmaps that foster public–private collaboration? What forms of regulation or incentives are needed to align innovation with competitiveness and security? At the same time, quantum technologies could support sustainability goals, for example through energy-efficient algorithms and advanced climate modeling. Positioning quantum technologies not only as an enabler but as a driver of future industrial policy is essential. Unlike incremental innovations, quantum breakthroughs will actively shape the direction of national strategies, global competitiveness, and sustainability agendas. Recognizing this driver role ensures that policymakers and industries move beyond adaptation, taking a proactive stance in designing resilient and forward-looking industrial ecosystems.