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World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany

Steady-State Behaviors of a Quantum Oscillator Coupled with a Three-Level Emitter

Alexandra Mîrzac, Mihai Macovei

Published Sep 17, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A laser-pumped three-level Λ-type system the upper state of which is being coupled with a quantum oscillator characterized by a single quantized leaking mode has been investigated. Two distinct situations leading to lasing effects of the quantum oscillator’s degrees of freedom have been identified and the mechanisms behind them have been described. Particularly, the interplay between single- or two-quanta processes accompanied by quantum interference effects among the induced emitter’s dressed-states responsible for flexible lasing effects has been proved, respectively.

DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-31866-6_119

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A laser-pumped three-level Λ-type system the upper state of which is being coupled with a quantum oscillator characterized by a single quantized leaking mode has been investigated. Two distinct situations leading to lasing effects of the quantum oscillator’s degrees of freedom have been identified and the mechanisms behind them have been described. Particularly, the interplay between single- or two-quanta processes accompanied by quantum interference effects among the induced emitter’s dressed-states responsible for flexible lasing effects has been proved, respectively.
We investigate the quantum dynamics of a quantum oscillator coupled with the most upper state of a three-level Λ-type system. The two transitions of the three-level emitter, possessing orthogonal dipole moments, are coherently pumped with a single or two electromagnetic field sources, respectively. We have found ranges for flexible lasing or cooling phenomena referring to the quantum oscillator’s degrees of freedom. This is due to asymmetrical decay rates and quantum interference effects leading to population transfer among the relevant dressed states of the emitter’s subsystem with which the quantum oscillator is coupled. As an appropriate system can be considered a nanomechanical resonator coupled with the most excited state of the three-level emitter fixed on it. Alternatively, if the upper state of the Λ-type system possesses a permanent dipole then it can couple with a cavity electromagnetic field mode which can be in the terahertz domain, for instance. In the latter case, we demonstrate an effective electromagnetic field source of terahertz photons.
The dynamics of an atomic few-level system can depend on the phase of driving fields coupled to the atom if certain conditions are satisfied. This is of particular interest to control interference effects, which can alter the system properties considerably. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of such phase control and interference effects in an atomic three-level system in the Λ configuration, where the upper state spontaneously decays into the two lower states. The lower states are coupled by a driving field, which we treat as quantized. This allows for an interpretation on the single photon level for both the vacuum and the driving field. By analysing the system behaviour for a driving field initially in non-classical states with only a few Fock number states populated, we find that even though the driving field is coupled to the lower states only, it induces a multiplet of upper states. Then interference occurs independently in three-level subsystems in the V configuration, each formed by two adjacent upper states and a single dressed lower state.
A dressed-state study of lasing without population inversion from a three-level atom interacting with a bichromatic laser field in the ladder configuration is being formulated. The system is allowed to be dressed by both laser-field photons (double dressing). The temporal behavior of the system under consideration is being explored numerically. Although the use of dressed-basis density matrix equations introduces major complexity into the equations, this procedure has crucial importance to the understanding of the atomic spectrum and the underlying physics of the processes involved. The system is found to possess a gain without population inversion, as well as a regular gain with inversion for various transitions, both in the transient and steady-state regimes. Enhancement of the refractive index accompanied by vanishingly small absorption was also found. The frequency response of various transitions is explored via numerical Fourier analysis. Some transitions are found to exhibit a dispersion-like line shape, clear evidence of a quantum-coherent interference effect. The spectrum consists of two distinct quintets centered about the coupling and probe-laser frequencies. The spectral features consisting of each quintet are located symmetrically (at resonance conditions only) around the line center at positions shifted from the center by the generalized Rabi and double Rabi frequencies.
A dressed-state study of lasing without population inversion from a three-level atom interacting with a bi-chromatic laser field in the ladder configuration is presented. In our model we allow the atom to be dressed by both of the coupling and probe fields. The system under consideration is explored both analytically and numerically within the steady-state regime. A parameter study is performed in which we explore the influence of the change of control parameters (Rabi frequencies and incoherent pump rates, etc) on the system behaviour. The parameter study also applies to situations where both coherent fields have comparable intensities. Expressions for steady-state populations and coherences are derived, from which the constraints on the system control parameters allowing gain or absorption of various types, are calculated. The system is demonstrated to possess gain without inversion (GWI), as well as regular gain with inversion, for the appropriate choice of system control parameters. Inversion without lasing (IWL) is also found. The dressed-state approach offers a different insight into the system dynamics in which Rabi oscillations and spectral features appear natural. We believe that the dressed-state approach provides a more adequate description of the system dynamics than that provided by the bare state basis.
Noninversion lasing is investigated in \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atomic systems that are coupled to two modes of the electromagnetic field. As a result of an external field driving the transition between the lower two closely spaced levels, laser action can be achieved in both modes simultaneously at arbitrarily small initial upper-level population (lasing without inversion) provided the pumping rate exceeds a certain threshold. The relative phase of the two modes is locked to a particular value controlled by the phase of the external field. In addition, new regimes of the laser operation arise when initial coherences between various atomic levels are also injected into the resonator. Firstly, laser action can be achieved in both modes at arbitrarily small pumping (no threshold). Secondly, the injected atomic coherence can control competition between the modes, and result in a variety of multistable steady-state behavior illustrating the very sensitive dynamics of the system.