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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Squeezed States of Light Generated by Four Wave Mixing in Potassium Vapor

M. M. Ćurčić, B. M. Jelenkovic

Published Jul 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We will present results that demonstrate squeezed light source based on Four Wave Mixing (FWM) in hot Potassium vapor. Squeezed light with the noise level of -6 dB below standard quantum limit is observed in the difference signal between correlated probe and conjugate beams, generated via FWM in potassium vapor. The vapor is contained in the vacuum K cell. For generating FWM we use nearly co-propagating pump and probe beam in a double Λ atomic scheme, which is similar to schemes used to demonstrate sqeezing in KD and in K. Obtained level of squeezing is improvement from the previous results for squeezing in potassium.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2019.8840490

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We will present results that demonstrate squeezed light source based on Four Wave Mixing (FWM) in hot Potassium vapor. Squeezed light with the noise level of -6 dB below standard quantum limit is observed in the difference signal between correlated probe and conjugate beams, generated via FWM in potassium vapor. The vapor is contained in the vacuum K cell. For generating FWM we use nearly co-propagating pump and probe beam in a double Λ atomic scheme, which is similar to schemes used to demonstrate sqeezing in KD and in K. Obtained level of squeezing is improvement from the previous results for squeezing in potassium.
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally four-wave mixing (FWM) in hot potassium vapor, generated by a copropagating pump and probe in an off-resonant double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ system, and present conditions when this atomic system is (1) a strong phase-insensitive parametric amplifier and (2) a source of large-amplitude squeezing. Theoretically, nonperturbative numerical calculations of optical Bloch-Maxwell equations have been solved for a four-level atomic system of K in order to derive the atomic polarization and then amplitudes of propagating optical waves, pump, probe, and conjugate. For potassium, to our knowledge, there are no such comparisons of theoretical and experimental results of gains of twin beams under the large range of FWM parameters as presented here. Results have shown that one-photon detuning has to be slightly larger than the Doppler broadened transition for large gains and strong squeezing. The gain is particularly large for small red two-photon detuning ($\ensuremath{-}2--6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$) and high K density ($5.5--10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$). Following experimentally and theoretically determined relation between gains, probe transmissions, and squeezing in Rb and Cs, we have found parameters of FWM when maximum squeezing in hot K vapor is expected.
Using a nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on a double-Λ scheme in hot cesium vapor, we demonstrate a compact diode-laser-pumped quantum light source for the generation of quantum correlated twin beams with a maximum squeezing of 6.5 dB. The squeezing is observed at a Fourier frequency in the audio band down to 0.7 kHz which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first observation of sub-kilohertz intensity-difference squeezing in an atomic system so far. A phase-matching condition is also investigated in our system, which confirms the spatial-multi-mode characteristics of the FWM process. Our compact low-frequency squeezed light source may find applications in quantum imaging, quantum metrology, and the transfer of optical squeezing onto a matter wave.
We have measured -3.5 dB (-8.1 dB corrected for losses) relative intensity squeezing between probe and conjugate beams generated by stimulated, nondegenerate four-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapor. Unlike early observations of squeezing in atomic vapors based on saturation of a two-level system, our scheme uses a resonant nonlinearity based on ground-state coherences in a three-level system. Since this scheme produces narrowband, squeezed light near an atomic resonance, it is of interest for experiments involving cold atoms or atomic ensembles.
Squeezed states of light exhibit phase-sensitive quantum noise which falls below the semiclassical shot noise limit. We report results from experiments in sodium vapor to observe squeezed light. In a single-beam experiment, a dye laser beam transmitted through sodium vapor was homodyned. Phase-sensitive noise on the radio frequency off­set modes was observed at or above the semiclassical limit.1 In a two-beam correlation experiment, the transmitted probe and the reflected con­jugate beams in forward four-wave mixing were direct detected. Although this configuration does not generate squeezed light, the subtracted photo­current exhibits subshot noise fluctuations.2 Phase-insensitive noise above the semiclassical limit was observed with a strong positive correlation between the probe and the conjugate photo­currents. In a squeezed state experiment, a probe-conjugate combination mode of forward four-wave mixing was homodyned.3 With the input beam blocked, the noise showed nonclassical phase-sensitivity with a minimum of 0.2 dB below the vacuum state limit. When only the probe or the conjugate beam was homodyned, the noise remained phase-insensitive near the vacuum state level.